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TROPICAL  POLYPORES 


BY 


WILLIAM  ALPHONSO  MURRILL,  A.M.,  PH.D. 

ASSISTANT  DIRECTOR  OF   THE    NEW   YORK   BOTANICAL  GARDEN 

ASSOCIATE    EDITOR  OF   NORTH   AMERICAN  FLORA 

EDITOR   OF   MYCOLOGIA 


NEW  YORK 

PUBLISHED   BY  THE  AUTHOR 
1915 

58567 


Copyright,  1915 
By  WILLIAM  ALPHONSO  MURRILL 


PREFACE 

rO 

Polypores  are  tough  or  woody  fungi  found  chiefly  on  wood  in 

the  form  of  brackets  of  various  shapes  and  sizes,  the  fruiting 

,\     surface  being  composed  of  tubes  or  furrows.    Sometimes  the 

v     walls  of  these  tubes  split  with  age  and  the  hymenium  appears 

spiny,  resembling  the  hydnums;  sometimes  the  furrows  change 

with  age  to  appear  like  gills.     When  the  fruit-body  is  perennial, 

the  tubes  are  often  arranged  in  layers.     The  family  may  be 

X      divided   into  five  groups,  the  resupinates,  the  annual  poroid 

"*       species,  the  volvate  species,  the  perennial  poroid  species,  and 

vv       the  agaric-like  species.    The  resupinate  species  cannot  be  satis- 

*^3     factorily  studied  without  the  advantages  of  a  large  herbarium 

and  are  therefore  omitted  here,  but  some  of  the  larger  species  of 

the  other  groups  are  comparatively  easy. 

Polypores  as  a  class  are  very  destructive  to  trees  and  timber. 
V- 1       On  the  other  hand,  one  species  possesses  medicinal  properties, 
» '     some  of  the  encrusted  species  supply  tinder,  and  several  of  the 
more  juicy  ones  are  excellent  for  food  if  collected  when  young. 
The  only  species  recognized  as  poisonous  is  the  medicinal  one, 
Fames  Laricis,  and  it  is  so  tough  and  bitter  that  no  one  wouki 
think  of  eating  it. 

Polypores  are  very  easily  collected  and  preserved  and  they 
largely  retain  their  characters  when  dried,  which  makes  them 
excellent  objects  for  class  study  during  the  winter  months. 
Many  of  them,  also,  remain  in  situ  during  the  winter  in  perfect 
condition  for  collecting.  As  a  group,  they  lend  themselves 
remarkably  well  to  studies  in  gross  and  minute  anatomy,  vari- 
ation, adaptation,  and  injurious  effects  on  trees  and  structural 
timbers. 

North  America  may  be  conveniently  divided  into  five  regions: 
(i)  eastern  Canada  and  the  northern  United  States  southward! 
to  the  southern  boundaries  of  Virginia,  Kentucky,  Missouri,  and 
Kansas,  and  westward  to  the  western  boundaries  of  Kansas, 
Nebraska,  and  the  Dakotas;  (2)  the  southern  United  States, 


iv  PREFACE 

including  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina,  Tennessee,  Arkansas, 
Oklahoma,  Texas,  Louisiana,  Mississippi,  Alabama,  Georgia, 
and  the  northern  portion  of  Florida;  (3)  the  Rocky  Mountain 
region,  including  the  remainder  of  the  western  United  States 
and  Canada  with  the  exception  of  states  bordering  on  the 
Pacific  Ocean;  (4)  the  far  West,  including  California,  Oregon, 
Washington,  British  Columbia,  and  Alaska;  and  (5)  tropical 
North  America,  including  Mexico,  Central  America,  southern 
Florida,  the  Bermudas,  the  West  Indies,  and  all  other  islands 
between  North  America  and  South  America  with  the  exception 
of  Trinidad. 

In  all  these  regions,  there  is  an  abundance  of  work  still  to 
be  done  before  our  knowledge  of  the  polypores  is  complete,  and 
it  is  believed  that  the  publication  of  a  series  of  books  treating  the 
species  of  each  region  separately  will  stimulate  effort  in  this 
direction. 

The  terms  here  used  to  express  the  abundance  of  a  species  are 
"rare"  or  "occasional,"  "rather  frequent,"  "frequent,"  "rather 
common,"  "common,"  "very  common,"  and  "extremely 
common."  For  the  sake  of  brevity,  certain  liberties  have  been 
taken  with  the  term  "brown,"  especially  in  the  keys,  where  it  is 
often  used  as  a  general  term  for  some  shade  of  yellowish-brown 
or  brown.  In  the  same  way,  allowances  must  be  made  for  the 
term  "throughout"  when  used  to  indicate  occurrence,  which 
does  not  imply  the  actual  presence  of  a  given  species  on  every 
mountain  top  or  every  desert  within  the  region. 

Our  knowledge  of  the  polypores  of  tropical  North  America 
has  been  obtained  chiefly  through  the  large  number  of  exploring 
expeditions  sent  into  this  interesting  region  during  the  past 
fifteen  years  by  the  New  York  Botanical  Garden. 

W.  A.  MURRILL. 
NEW  YORK  BOTANICAL  GARDEN. 
March  15,  1915. 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

Including  the  pileate  species  occurring  in  Mexico,  Central 
America,  southern  Florida,  the  Bermudas,  the  West  Indies, 
and  all  other  islands  between  North  America  and  South  America 
with  the  exception  of  Trinidad,  Tobago,  and  Curacao,  whose 
flora  is  essentially  South  American. 

POLYPORACEAE 

Hymenophore  annual  or  perennial;  context  fleshy-tough, 
corky,  or  woody;  hymenium  poroid  or  lamelloid,  fleshy  to  woody, 
never  gelatinous. 

Hymenium  porose. 

Hymenophore  annual.  1 

Volva  wanting.  Tribe  i.  POLYPOREAE. 

Volva  present.  Tribe  2.  VOLVATAE. 

Hymenophore  perennial. l  Tribe  3.  FOMITEAE. 

Hymenium  furrowed.  *  Tribe  4.  DAEDALEAE. 

Tribe  i.  POLYPOREAE.  Hymenophore  variable  in  size  and  shape,  fleshy- tough 
to  corky,  annual,  sometimes  reviving;  surface  encrusted  or  anoderm,  glabrous 
or  hairy,  zonate  or  azonate;  context  fibrous,  rarely  punky,  variously  colored; 
tubes  cylindric,  sometimes  splitting  into  teeth,  usually  thin-walled;  spores 
rounded  or  oblong,  brown  or  hyaline;  cystidia  frequently  present;  surface  of 
pileus  never  conidia-bearing;  stipe  often  present,  variously  attached. 
Context  white. 

Hymenophore  sessile. 

Tubes  hexagonal,  arranged  in  radiating  rows;  context 

thin.  13.  HEXAGONA. 

Tubes  alveolar;  context  thin,  dry;  surface  zonate.       27.  FAVOLUS. 
Tubes  mostly  shallow,  marginal  and  obsolete;  hy- 
menium hydnoid  or  irpiciform  at  a  very  early 
stage.  i.  IRPICIPORUS. 

1  Apparent  or  real  exceptions  occur  at  times  in  Earliella,  Coriolopsis,  and  Hapa- 
lopilus. 

*  Exceptions  occur  in  Fomitella,  Ganoderma,  and  Amauroderma.  Porodaedalea 
is  closely  allied  to  the  Daedaleae. 

3  Cerrena  shows  an  irpiciform  hymenium  at  maturity,  much  resembling  species 
of  Coriolus.  Daedalea  and  Gloeophyllum  sometimes  show  poroid  forms  that  are 
very  confusing. 

I 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES 


Tubes  normally  poroid,  sometimes  irpiciform  from 

the  rupture  of  the  dissepiments  at  maturity. 
Pileus  very  soft,  spongy,  and  elastic  throughout. 

Hymenophore  small;  tubes  large,  not  fragile.       4.  SPONGIPORUS. 
Hymenophore  of  immense  size;  tubes  small, 

fragile  when  dry.  5.  TOMOPHAGUS. 

Pileus  more  or  less  firm,  flexible  or  rigid. 

Context  duplex,  spongy  above,  firm  below; 

surface  sodden  and  bibulous.  7.  SPONGIPELLIS. 

Context  not  duplex  as  above. 

Pileus  fleshy- tough  to  woody  and  rigid. 
Surface  anoderm,  rarely  zonate. 

Hymenium   more   or   less   smoke- 
colored  at  maturity.  8.  BJERKANDERA. 
Hymenium  white  or  pallid. 

Context  fleshy  to  fleshy-tough, 

friable  when  dry.  6.  TYROMYCES. 

Context   punky   to  corky,   not 

friable  when  dry.  9.  TRAMETES. 

Surface     pelliculose,     often     zonate. 
Plants  large,  more  than  5  cm.  in 
diameter;       hymenium       flesh- 
colored.  10.  EARLIELLA. 
Plants  small,  5  cm.  or  less  in  diam- 
eter; hymenium  white  or  pallid.         II.  RlGIDOPORUS. 
Pileus  thin,   leathery,   and   more  or  less 

flexible;  surface  usually  zonate. 
Hymenophore  normally  pileate;  tubes 

small  and  nearly  always  regular.  2.  CORIOLUS. 

Hymenophore    semiresupinate;    tubes 

large  and  irregular.  3.  CORIOLELLUS. 

Hymenophore  stipitate. 

Stipe  compound.  1 7.  GRIFOLA. 

Stipe  simple. 

Tubes   large,   hexagonal   and   radially   elongate 

from  the  first.  13.  HEXAGONA. 

Tubes  not  as  above. 

Pileus  inverted,  erumpent  from  lenticels.  12.  PORODISCULUS. 

Pileus  erect  or  lateral,  not  erumpent. 

Context   duplex,    spongy    above,    woody 

below.  16.  ABORTIPORUS. 

Context  homogeneous,  firm. 

Surface  zonate.  14.  MICROPORELLUS. 

Surface  azonate.  15.   POLYPORUS. 

Context  bright-colored,  yellow  or  red. 
Hymenophore  sessile  or  subsessile. 

Tubes  red.  18.  PYCNOPORUS. 

Tubes  yellow. 

Context  thin;  plants  small.  19.  FLAVIPORELLUS. 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES 


Context  thick;  plants  very  large.  20.  LAETIPORUS. 

Hymenophore  distinctly  stipitate;  context  yellow.  21.  PHAEOLOPSIS. 

Context  brown. 

Hymenophore  sessile,  rarely  substipitate. 
Spores  hyaline. 

Context  light-brown. 

Surface  glabrous  or  nearly  so. 

Hymenium  alveolate.  27.  FAVOLUS. 

Hymenium  normally  poroid.  26.  HAPALOPILUS. 

Surface  distinctly  hairy. 

Tubes  small  and  regular.  23.  CORIOLOPSIS. 

Tubes  large  and  irregular.  24.  FUNALIA. 

Context  dark-brown. 

Context  duplex,  mostly  of  intricately  woven 

black  hairs.  25.  TRICHAPTUM. 

Context  simple. 

Context  friable.  33.  PHAEOLUS. 

Context  tough. 

Tubes  yellow.  28.  FLAVIPORUS. 

Tubes  brown,  rarely  greenish. 
Tubes  entire. 

Surface  heavily  bearded.  29.  POGONOMYCES. 

Surface  not  bearded.  23.  CORIOLOPSIS. 

Tubes  soon  splitting  into  teeth.  22.  CERRENELLA. 

Tubes  black.  30.  NIGROPORUS. 

Spores  brown. 

Hymenophore  thin,  dry,  multizonate.  31.  CYCLOPORELLUS. 

Hymenophore  not  as  above.  32.  INONOTUS. 

Hymenophore  stipitate. 

Spores  hyaline.  33-  PHAEOLUS. 

Spores  brown. 

Pileus  inverted,  pendant.  34.  COLTRICIELLA. 

Pileus  erect;  stipe  central.  35.  COLTRICIA. 

Tribe  2.  VOLVATAE.  Hymenophore  corky  to  woody,  annual;  surface  smooth, 
encrusted;  context  corky;  tubes  cylindric,  concealed  at  first  by  a  volva,  which  is 
perforated  at  one  or  more  points  at  maturity;  spores  hyaline. 

Pileus  sessile,  subglobose,  white  or  slightly  reddish-brown.     36.  CRYPTOPORUS. 

Tribe  3.  FOMITEAE.  Hymenophore  large,  woody,  perennial,  rarely  small  or 
annual;  surface  anoderm  or  encrusted,  usually  sulcate,  sometimes  varnished; 
context  punky  or  woody,  variously  colored;  tubes  cylindric,  usually  thick- 
walled;  spores  rounded,  smooth  or  verrucose,  hyaline  or  brown;  cystidia  fre- 
quently present;  surface  of  pileus  conidia-bearing  in  a  few  species;  stipe  rarely 
present,  the  hymenophore  usually  being  sufficiently  elevated  by  its  host. 
Annual  forms  and  species  in  a  few  genera  connect  this  group  with  the  Poly- 
poreae;  while  the  tendency  at  times  to  produce  a  daedaleoid  hymenium,  shown 
especially  in  Porodaedalea,  connects  it  with  the  Daedaleae. 

Surface    of    hymenophore    covered    with  reddish-brown 

varnish;  context  punky  to  corky.  46.  GANODERMA. 


4  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

Surface  of  hymenophore  not  as  above. 

Hymenophore  distinctly  stipitate.  45.  AMAURODERMA. 

Hymenophore  sessile  or  subsessile. 

Context  white,  flesh-colored,  or  wood-colored.  37.  FOMES. 

Context  olivaceous.  38.  FOMITELLA. 

Context  brown,  latericeous,  dark-purple,  or  black. 
Surface  not  encrusted;  or,  if  so,  context  woody. 
Context  brown  or  latericeous. 
Hymenium  porose. 

Spores  hyaline.  39.  PYROPOLYPORUS  . 

Spores  brown.  40.  FULVIFOMES. 

Hymenium  porose-daedaleoid.  41.  PORODAEDALEA. 

Context  dark-purple  or  black.  42.  NIGROFOMES. 

Surface  encrusted;  context  punky. 

Spores  hyaline  or  subhyaline.  43.  ELFVINGIELLA. 

Spores  decidedly  brown.  44.  ELFVINGIA. 

Tribe  4.  DAEDALEAE.  Hymenium  annual,  very  rarely  perennial,  coriaceous  to 
woody,  variable  in  size;  surface  anoderm,  hairy  or  glabrous,  variously  marked; 
context  white  or  brown,  fibrous,  woody,  or  punky;  hymenium  exceedingly 
variable,  normally  labyrinthiform  or  lamelloid,  but  often  poroid  or  even  irpici- 
form,  never  stratified;  spores  smooth,  brown  or  hyaline.  Poroid  and  irpiciform 
plants  of  this  group  are  difficult  to  separate  from  certain  species  of  Polyporeae, 
forms  of  Daedalea  confragosa  in  particular  being  troublesome  to  the  beginner. 
On  the  other  hand,  there  is  little  to  cause  confusion  between  this  group  and 
the  Fomiteae,  if  we  except  the  single  distinctly  perennial  species  of  Daedalea 
and  the  daedaleoid  forms  of  Porodaedalea. 
Context  white  or  wood-colored. 

Hymenium  labyrinthiform,  often  becoming  lamellate  or 

irpiciform. 

Hymenium  very  soon  becoming  irpiciform.  47.  CERRENA. 

Hymenium    rarely    becoming    irpiciform    and    then 

not  until  maturity.  48.  DAEDALEA. 

Hymenium    lamellate    from    the    first,    not    becoming 

irpiciform.  49.  LENZITES. 

Context  brown.  50.  GLOEOPHYLLUM. 


I.     IRPICIPORUS   Murrill 

Hymenophore  annual,  epixylous,  sessile,  effused-reflexed, 
white  or  pallid  throughout;  surface  anoderm,  glabrous  or  velvety, 
not  distinctly  zonate,  margin  acute ;  context  white,  coriaceous  or 
corky;  hymenium  hydnoid  or  irpiciform,  with  traces  of  shallow, 
obsolete  tubes  near  the  margin;  spores  smooth,  hyaline. 


Surface  villose;  margin  not  cirrhose. 
Surface  glabrous;  margin  cirrhose. 


1.  I.  lacteus. 

2.  I.  cubensis. 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  5 

i.     IRPICIPORUS  LACTEUS  (Fries)  Murrill 

Pileus  extensively  effused,  shortly  reflexed,  imbricate,  dimidi- 
ate, laterally  connate,  0-1.5  X  1-4  X  0.1-0.2  cm.;  surface  white, 
subzonate,  concentrically  furrowed  in  large  specimens,  villose; 
margin  very  thin,  deflexed,  undulate  to  lobed;  context  mem- 
branous, less  than  I  mm.  thick;  tubes  short,  irregular,  white  to 
isabelline,  1-3  mm.  long,  mouths  angular,  about  2  to  a  mm., 
edges  uneven,  soon  splitting  into  teeth,  which  are  compressed, 
pointed,  fimbriate,  dentate  to  incised;  spores  cylindric,  slightly 
curved,  smooth,  6-7  X  2-3  p. 

Frequent  on  dead  wood,  especially  in  the  mountains,  in  Cuba, 
Jamaica,  Porto  Rico,  and  eastern  Mexico. 

2.     IRPICIPORUS  CUBENSIS  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill 

Pileus  reniform,  sessile,  0.5-0.7  X  1.5  X  0.2  cm.;  surface 
glabrous,  radiate-lineate,  white  to  isabelline,  azonate,  smooth; 
margin  deflexed,  cirrhose,  concolorous;  context  white,  fragile, 
less  than  I  mm.  thick;  tubes  1-1.5  nun.  long,  white  to  discolored, 
3-4  to  a  mm.,  very  soon  splitting  into  teeth,  which  are  com- 
pressed, pointed  and  dentate. 

Found  once  on  dead  wood  in  Cuba  and  once  on  a  dead  tree 
trunk  at  Cinchona,  Jamaica.  Specimens  from  Guadeloupe 
referred  to  this  species  by  Duss  are  considerably  larger,  measuring 
2  cm.  long  and  3  cm.  broad. 

2.     CORIOLUS  Quel. 

Hymenophore  annual,  epixylous,  sessile,  usually  zonate,  ano- 
derm,  hairy  or  glabrous;  context  thin,  white,  flexible,  fibrous, 
leathery;  tubes  thin- walled,  white,  at  length  splitting  into  irpici- 
form  teeth  in  several  species,  mouths  polygonal  or  irregular; 
spores  smooth,  hyaline. 

Tubes  more  or  less  entire,  at  least  until  the  hymeno- 

phore  is  quite  old. 

Surface  of  pileus  wholly  or  partly  glabrous  when 
mature  or  clothed  only  with  inconspicuous  hairs. 
Pileus  not  entirely  glabrous  at  maturity. 

Pileus  marked  at  maturity  with  glabrous  zones 
of  a  different  color  from  the  rest  of  the 
surface. 

Glabrous  zones  large,  numerous,  conspicu- 
ously and  variously  colored.  i.  C.  versicolor. 
Glabrous  zones  small  and  comparatively 
inconspicuous. 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES 


Hymenium  white  or  yellowish.  2.  C.  subpavonius. 

Hymenium  fuscous.  3.  C.  sector. 

Pileus  not  marked  with  glabrous  zones,  but 
nearly  uniform  in  color  and  rarely  shin- 
ing. 

Hymenophore  semiresupinate,  narrowly  re- 
flexed. 

Reflexed  portion  of  pileus  0-5  mm.'broad.       4.  C.  depauperatus. 
Reflexed  portion  of  pileus  1-2  cm.  broad.       5.  C.  tepeitensis. 
Hymenophore  normally  pileate,  sometimes 

decurrent. 
Surface   entirely    devoid    of   zones   or 

concentric  furrows. 

Pileus  2-3  cm.  broad.  6.  C.  pallidofulvellus. 

Pileus  7-10  cm.  broad.  7.  C.  xuchilensis. 

Surface   somewhat   zonate   or   concen- 
trically furrowed. 

Tubes  i  mm.  or  less  long.  8.  C.  delectans. 

Tubes  3-4  mm.  long.  9.  C.  concavus. 

Pileus  entirely  glabrous  at  maturity. 

Surface   marked   with   numerous   brown  and 

tawny  zones.  10.  C.  armenicolor. 

Surface  white  to  isabelline  or  pale-avellaneous, 

sometimes  with  darker  spots  or  lines. 
Hymenium  lilac-colored,  often  faded  in  her- 
barium specimens.  n.  C.  br  achy  pus. 
Hymenium  white  or  yellowish,  sometimes 

discolored. 

Margin  of  pileus  entire  or  lobed,  not  be- 
coming fimbriate  or  lacerate   at 
maturity. 
Pileus  extremely  thin,  less  than   I 

mm.,  very  flexible.  12.  C.  haedinus. 

Pileus  not  as  above. 

Surface    and    tubes    milk-white 
throughout,     even     in     dried 

specimens.  13.  C.  substipitatus. 

Surface  and  tubes  not  as  above. 
Surface  white  to  pale-cinere- 
ous; tubes  7-8  to  a  mm.          14.  C.  hondurensis. 
Surface  stramineous  to  ochro- 

leucous. 

Pileus  1-2  mm.  thick; 
tubes  less  than  i  mm. 
long.  15.  C.  pertenuis. 

Pileus  2-5  mm.  thick; 
tubes  more  than  i  mm. 
long.  1 6.  C.  ochrotinctellus. 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES 


Surface  ochroleucous  or  ochra- 
ceous    with    pale-avellane- 
ous  zones. 
Surface     isabelline-fulvous; 

tubes  becoming  fulvous. 
Margin  of  pileus  very  thin,  becoming 

fimbriate  or  lacerate  at  maturity. 
Surface  of  pileus  clothed  entirely  with  a  conspicuous 

hairy  covering. 
Pileus   5   mm.   or   more   thick;   surface   roughly 

hirsute. 
Pileus  much  thinner. 

Hymenium  becoming  wholly  or  partly  fuscous; 

tubes  broad  and  very  shallow. 
Surface  latericeous-fulvous,  except  near  the 

margin. 

Surface  white  to  cinereous  or  isabelline. 
Tubes  regular  in  shape  and  size. 
Tubes  irregular  both  in  size  and  shape. 
Hymenium  not  becoming  fuscous. 

Surface  more  or  less  purple,  marked  with  a 

few  concentric  lines. 
Surface  white  to  yellowish  or  grayish. 
Pileus  effused-reflexed,    projecting  3—7 

mm. 

Pileus  dimidiate,  projecting  2-5  cm. 
Tubes  small,  4-6  to  a  mm. 
Tubes  large,  1-2  to  a  mm. 

Tubes  soon  breaking  up  into  long,  irpiciform  teeth. 
Plants  large,  10-20  cm.  wide  and  5-10  mm.  thick. 
Plants  much  smaller  and  always  very  thin. 
Pileus  i  cm.  or  less  broad. 
Pileus  flabelliform,  glabrous. 
Pileus  subcampanulate,  pendulous,  erumpent, 

finely  tomentose. 
Pileus  more  than  i  cm.  broad. 

Surface  white,  minutely  fibrose-lacerate. 
Surface  ashy-white,  villose. 
Surface  wood-colored,  tomentose. 


17.  C.  Hollickii. 

1 8.  C.  leiodermus. 

19.  C.  membranaceus. 

20.  C.  nigromarginatus. 

21.  C.  fulvo-umbrinus. 

22.  C.  pinsitus. 

23.  C.  sericeohirsutus. 

24.  C.  scutatus. 

25.  C.  effusus. 

26.  C.  pavonius. 
21.  C.  orizabensis. 

28.  C.  maximus. 

29.  C.  sobrius. 

30.  C.  cyphelloides. 

31.  C.  irpiciformis. 

32.  C.  abietinus. 

33.  C.  prolificans. 


I.      CORIOLUS   VERSICOLOR    (L.)    Quel. 

Pileus  densely  imbricate,  very  thin,  dimidiate,  conchate, 
2-4  X  3-7  X  0.1-0.2  cm.;  surface  smooth,  velvety,  shining, 
marked  with  conspicuous,  glabrous  zones  of  various  colors, 
mostly  latericeous,  bay,  or  black;  margin  thin,  sterile,  entire; 
context  thin,  membranous;  tubes  punctiform,  less  than  i  mm. 
long,  white  to  isabelline  within,  mouths  circular  to  angular, 
regular,  even,  4-5  to  a  mm.,  edges  thick  and  entire,  becoming 


8  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

thin  and  dentate,  white,  glistening,  at  length  opaque-isabelline 
or  slightly  umbrinous;  spores  allantoid,  4-6  X  1-2  /*. 

Occasional  to  frequent  on  dead  wood  in  the  mountains  of 
Mexico  and  the  West  Indies. 

2.    CORIOLUS  SUBPAVONIUS  Murrill 

Pileus  rather  thin,  coriaceous,  slightly  flexible  when  young, 
becoming  rigid,  especially  on  reviving  the  second  season,  dimidi- 
ate or  flabelliform,  subimbricate,  applanate  or  slightly  conchate, 
2-3  X  2-3  X  0.1-0.3  cm.;  surface  broadly  zonate,  finely  tomen- 
tose  to  subglabrous  in  zones,  pallid  or  cremeous,  becoming  bay  or 
olive  with  age  in  zones  or  behind,  margin  thin,  undulate  or  lobed, 
pallid;  context  white,  fibrous,  firm,  I  mm.  thick;  tubes  puncti- 
form,  very  short  at  first,  later  becoming  I  mm.  or  more  long, 
white  to  stramineous  within  and  without,  mouths  glistening, 
very  regular,  circular,  minute,  8-10  to  a  mm.,  edges  rather  thick, 
firm,  entire. 

Collected  once  on  dead  wood  in  a  moist  virgin  forest  near 
Jalapa,  Mexico. 

3.     CORIOLUS  SECTOR  (Ehrenb.)  Pat. 

Pileus  rather  thin,  flexible,  flabelliform,  often  spuriously 
short-stipitate,  imbricate,  laterally  connate,  2-4  X  3-6  X  o.i- 
0.2  cm. ;  surface  multizonate,  finely  radiate-striate,  often  plicate, 
silky,  usually  shining,  more  or  less  tomentose  near  the  base, 
avellaneous  to  isabelline;  margin  entire  to  fimbriate  or  deeply 
dissected,  sometimes  palmate;  context  thin,  coriaceous,  avel- 
laneous, about  0.5  mm.  thick;  tubes  0.5-1  mm.  long,  avellaneous 
within,  mouths  angular,  irregular,  very  variable  in  size,  2-6 
to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  dentate  to  lanceolate,  avellaneous  to  fulig- 
inous; spores  globose,  3.5-5  ju. 

Common  on  dead  wood  throughout,  and  easily  known  by  its 
avellaneous  to  fuliginous  surface  and  tubes. 

4.    CORIOLUS  DEPAUPERATUS  (Pat.)  Murrill 

Pileus  widely  effused,  narrowly  reflexed,  very  thin,  soft, 
spongy,  flexible,  the  reflexed  portion  0-5  mm.  broad,  I  mm.  or 
less  thick;  surface  white,  spongy- tomentose,  azonate;  margin 
very  thin,  concolorous,  broadly  sterile  at  times;  context  white, 
membranous;  tubes  punctiform,  very  short,  white  within, 
mouths  circular  to  slightly  angular,  5  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin, 
entire  to  dentate,  white,  becoming  very  pale  yellowish  on  drying. 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  9 

Found  a  few  times  on  dead  trunks  in  Cuba,  as  well  as  in 
Venezuela. 

5.     CORIOLUS  TEPEITENSIS  Murrill 

Pileus  mostly  resupinate,  subcircular  to  irregular,  the  margin 
detached  from  the  substratum  and  slightly  elevated  at  times,  the 
reflexed  portion,  which  is  usually  present,  narrow,  conchate,  thin, 
flexible,  reaching  6  mm.  in  length  and  1-2  cm.  in  width;  surface 
irregularly  and  narrowly  sulcate-zonate,  subglabrous,  uneven, 
varying  from  pallid  to  ochraceous  or  pale-avellaneous ;  context 
thin,  whitish,  punky;  tubes  white  within,  1-2  mm.  long,  mouths 
very  regular,  5-6  to  a  mm.,  stramineous,  subcircular,  corky, 
glistening,  edges  entire,  at  first  thick,  becoming  thinner  with  age. 

Collected  three  times  on  dead  fallen  branches  in  the  Tepeite 
Valley,  near  Cuernavaca,  Mexico. 

6.    CORIOLUS  PALLIDOFULVELLUS  Murrill 

Pileus  imbricate,  decurrent,  dimidiate,  conchate,  thin,  flexible, 
1-1.5  X  2-3  X  0.1-0.2  cm.;  surface  isabelline  to  pale-fulvous, 
slightly  virgate  with  striate  fibers,  finely  tomentose,  azonate; 
margin  thin,  subentire,  incurved  when  dry;  context  punky- 
fibrous,  tough,  pallid,  less  than  I  mm.  thick;  tubes  very  short, 
less  than  I  mm.,  mouths  angular,  irregular,  flaccid,  2-4  to  a 
mm.,  edges  thin,  dentate  to  lacerate,  white  to  fulvous. 

Occasional  on  dead  wood  in  Cuba. 

7.    CORIOLUS  XUCHILENSIS  Murrill 

Pileus  semiresupinate,  imbricate,  inconspicuous,  the  reflexed 
portion  conchate,  rather  thin,  3-5  X  7-10  X  0.1-0.2  mm.;  sur- 
face azonate,  silky  or  pubescent,  very  pale  fulvous  fading  to  pallid 
on  drying,  margin  undulate,  acute,  inflexed  and  slightly  discolored 
on  drying;  context  soft-fibrous,  thick  behind,  very  thin  in  front, 
pallid ;  tubes  about  I  mm.  long,  dull-whitish  within  and  without, 
mouths  angular,  somewhat  irregular,  3-5  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin, 
entire,  glistening. 

Collected  once  on  a  dead  trunk  in  a  coffee  plantation  at 
Xuchiles,  near  Cordoba,  Mexico. 

8.     CORIOLUS  DELECTANS  Murrill 

Pileus  confluent-effused,  subimbricate,  broadly  reflexed  and 
expanded,  dimidiate  to  reniform,  applanate  or  convex  above, 
concave  below,  very  thin,  soft,  tough,  very  flexible,  2-4  X  3- 


io  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

6  X  O.I  cm.;  surface  villose-tomentose,  uniformly  milk-white, 
marked  with  a  few,  indistinct,  concentric  furrows  of  variable 
width  and  depth;  margin  very  thin,  flaccid,  entire  to  undulate, 
rarely  lobed;  context  white,  soft,  tough,  less  than  I  mm.  thick; 
tubes  punctiform,  white,  less  than  I  mm.  long,  mouths  angular, 
irregular,  4-5  to  a  mm.,  soon  lacerate,  but  not  becoming  irpici- 
form,  edges  very  thin,  flaccid,  lacerate-dentate,  white,  stramine- 
ous in  dried  specimens. 

Collected  once  on  a  dead  hardwood  trunk  in  the  forest  near 
Alto  Cedro,  Cuba. 

9.     CORIOLUS  CONCAVUS  Murrill 

Pileus  deeply  concave,  scutate-conchate,  narrowly  or  rather 
broadly  attached  behind  or  by  the  vertex,  rather  thick,  subrigid 
when  dry  but  of  corky  texture,  subimbricate,  2  X  3-5  X  0.2-0.8 
cm.;  surface  finely  tomentose,  white,  irregular,  slightly  once  or 
twice  sulcate,  margin  rather  thick,  entire  or  lobed,  concolorous, 
not  inflexed  on  drying;  context  punky,  white;  tubes  rather  long 
for  the  genus,  reaching  3-4  mm.,  at  first  white,  changing  to 
cremeous,  mouths  irregular,  angular,  large,  2  to  a  mm.,  edges 
thin,  uneven  to  slightly  dentate. 

Collected  once  on  dead  wood  in  a  moist  forest  near  Orizaba, 
Mexico. 

io.     CORIOLUS  ARMENICOLOR  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Pat. 

Pileus  very  thin,  flexible,  flabelliform,  attenuate  behind,  2-3  X 
I-5~3-5  X  O.I  cm.,  surface  multizonate,  minutely  longitudinally 
striate,  shining,  glabrous,  radiately  plicate,  at  least  when  dry, 
isabelline  with  fulvous  or  pale-bay  zones;  margin  very  thin, 
lobed  or  incised;  context  membranous,  coarsely  fibrous,  white, 
less  than  I  mm.  thick;  tubes  less  than  0.5  mm.  long,  white  to 
pallid  within,  mouths  angular,  minute,  7-8  to  a  mm.,  edges  very 
thin,  dentate,  white  when  young,  glistening,  fulvous  in  dried 
specimens. 

Occasional  on  dead  wood  in  Cuba,  Porto  Rico,  Jamaica,  and 
Honduras. 

ii.     CORIOLUS  BRACHYPUS  (Lev.)  Murrill 

Pileus  thin,  coriaceous,  firm,  flexible,  imbricate,  dimidiate  to 
flabelliform,  sessile  or  attached  by  a  short  tubercle,  4-6  X  5-12 
X  0.2-0.4  cm.;  surface  glabrous  or  nearly  so,  slightly  radiately 
furrowed,  multizonate,  pallid  to  isabelline,  usually  rose-tinted; 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  n 

margin  thin,  narrowly  sterile,  undulate  or  slightly  lobed;  context 
punky-fibrous,  pallid,  1-3  mm.  thick;  tubes  pale-roseous  within, 
2-3  mm.  long,  very  even  and  regular,  mouths  slightly  angular, 
5-6  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  slightly  dentate,  tough,  firm,  white  or 
rose-tinted  when  young,  becoming  avellaneous-roseous  at 
maturity,  fading  in  herbarium  specimens. 

Common  throughout  on  dead  wood,  and  readily  recognized 
by  its  beautiful  rosy  tints. 

12.  CORIOLUS  HAEDINUS  (Berk.)  Pat. 

Pileus  very  thin  and  very  flexible,  almost  as  thin  as  paper  at 
times,  dimidiate  to  circular,  according  to  its  relation  to  the  sub- 
stratum, applanate  or  conchate,  laterally  connate,  decurrent, 
1-2  X  2-3  X  0.02-0.05  cm.;  surface  white  to  slightly  yellowish, 
densely  concentrically  furrowed,  slightly  spongy  between  the 
furrows,  glabrous;  margin  thin,  undulate  to  lobed,  fertile;  con- 
text white,  membranous;  tubes  short,  less  than  I  mm.  long, 
mouths  angular,  nearly  regular,  4-5  to  a  mm.,  with  a  tendency 
to  appear  much  elongated  radially  by  the  partial  separation  of 
the  transverse  walls,  edges  very  thin,  fimbriate-dentate. 

Occasional  on  dead  wood  in  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico,  as  well  as 
in  Brazil. 

13.  CORIOLUS  SUBSTIPITATUS  Murrill 

Pileus  flabelliform,  attached  by  a  short  tubercle,  applanate, 
rather  thin,  flexible,  of  very  light  weight,  4  X  5-7  X  0.2-0.3  cm.; 
surface  milk-white,  opaque,  glabrous,  somewhat  uneven,  espe- 
cially behind,  faintly  zonate  in  front;  margin  acute,  concolorous, 
entire  to  slightly  lobed;  context  thin,  soft,  punky,  milk-white, 
i  mm.  thick;  tubes  1-1.5  mm.  long,  white  within,  firm  and  elastic, 
glistening,  mouths  circular  to  angular,  very  regular,  6-7  to  a 
mm.,  edges  thin,  entire,  white,  becoming  denticulate  with  age, 
slightly  yellowish  in  dried  specimens;  spores  globose,  3.5/1- 

Found  once  near  Port  Antonio,  Jamaica,  on  a  log  in  woods. 

14.  CORIOLUS  HONDURENSIS  Murrill 

Pileus  very  thin,  slightly  flexible,  conchate-reniform,  sessile, 
7  X  9  X  0.2-0.3  cm.;  surface  radiate-rugose,  glabrous,  sub- 
shining,  white  to  pale-cinereous,  with  a  few  very  narrow,  slightly 
darker,  concentric  lines;  margin  thin,  white,  lobed,  inflexed  on 
drying;  context  very  thin,  white,  fibrous,  less  than  i  mm.  thick; 
tubes  2-3  mm.  long,  slender,  white  to  pale-isabelline  within, 
mouths  minute,  angular,  regular,  glistening,  7-8  to  a  mm., 


12  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

edges  thin,  dentate,  white  to  dark-isabelline,  fulvous  in  dried 
specimens. 

Found  once  on  dead  wood  near  Punta  Gorda,  British  Honduras. 

15.     CORIOLUS  PERTENUIS  Murrill 

Pileus  very  thin,  coriaceous,  flexible,  dimidiate,  nearly  plane, 
sessile  by  a  narrow  base,  2.5  X  3  X  0.1-0.2  cm.;  surface  slightly 
concentrically  furrowed,  glabrous,  stramineous;  margin  thin, 
entire,  sterile,  cremeous;  context  white,  fibrous,  membranous; 
hymenium  ochraceous  when  viewed  at  an  angle,  nearly  fulvous 
when  looked  at  perpendicularly;  tubes  punctiform,  less  than  I 
mm.  long,  mouths  very  regular,  angular,  about  5  to  a  mm.,  edges 
thin,  entire. 

Collected  once  at  Chester  Vale,  Jamaica,  on  dead  wood. 

1 6.    CORIOLUS  OCHROTINCTELLUS  Murrill 

Pileus  subimbricate,  dimidiate  or  flabelliform,  applanate  or 
conchate,  sessile  to  substipitate,  rigid,  more  or  less  brittle, 
2-6  X  3-9  X  0.2-0.5  cm.;  surface  glabrous,  smooth,  subshining, 
ochroleucous  with  ochraceous  zones;  margin  papery-thin,  fragile, 
often  incurved,  entire  or  undulate,  rarely  lobed;  context  milk- 
white,  fleshy- tough,  somewhat  friable,  1-3  mm.  thick;  tubes 
1-3  mm.  long,  slender,  white  to  ochroleucous  within,  mouths 
very  regular,  angular,  4-5  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  entire,  white 
to  ochraceous  or  isabelline ;  spores  globose,  3  /*. 

Occasional  on  dead  wood  in  southern  Florida,  Cuba,  and 
Porto  Rico. 

17.     CORIOLUS  HOLLICKII  Murrill 

Pileus  imbricate,  substipitate,  attached  by  a  short,  scutellate 
disk  or  tubercle,  flabelliform,  flexible  to  nearly  rigid,  rather  thick 
for  the  genus,  4-6  X  5-7  X  0.5  cm. ;  surface  slightly  radiate- 
rugose,  multizonate,  shallowly  concentrically  sulcate,  opaque, 
glabrous,  ochroleucous  or  ochraceous  to  pallid  with  pale-avel- 
laneous  zones;  margin  subacute,  entire,  fertile,  concolorous; 
context  milk-white,  soft-corky,  homogeneous,  about  2  mm.  thick; 
tubes  stramineous  within  and  without,  becoming  isabelline  on 
drying,  2-3  mm.  long,  corky,  rigid,  mouths  regular,  nearly  cir- 
cular, glistening,  4-5  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  entire. 

Collected  once  at  Union  Hill,  near  Moneague,  Jamaica,  on  a 
log  in  the  woods;  once  in  Porto  Rico;  and  four  times  at  Jalapa, 
Mexico. 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  13 

1 8.     CORIOLUS  LEIODERMUS  (Mont.)  Murrill 

Pileus  thin,  tough,  leathery,  flexible,  dimidiate,  often  decurrent, 
conchate,  3-4  X  4-6  X  0.1-0.3  cm.;  surface  multizonate,  slightly 
silky,  becoming  glabrous,  minutely  furrowed  radiately,  isabelline- 
fulvous;  margin  thin,  entire,  pallid;  context  white  to  pallid, 
punky-fibrous,  0.5-1.5  mm.  thick;  tubes  1-1.5  mm.  long,  pallid 
within,  mouths  circular  to  angular,  very  regular,  variable  in 
size,  3-6  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  firm,  entire  to  dentate,  pallid  to 
umbrinous-f ulvous,  glistening ;  spores  globose,  3-4  /i. 

Occasional  on  dead  wood  in  Nicaragua  and  Guiana. 

19.    CORIOLUS  MEMBRANACEUS  (Sw.)  Pat. 

Pileus  very  thin,  densely  imbricate,  dimidiate  or  flabelliform, 
conchate,  2-4  X  3-6  X  0.1-0.2  cm.;  surface  multizonate,  finely 
radiate-furrowed,  short-tomentose  to  glabrous  and  subshining, 
white  or  pallid  with  slightly  darker  zones;  margin  very  thin, 
undulate  or  lobed,  usually  splitting  with  age;  context  white, 
fibrous,  0.5-1.5  mm.  thick;  tubes  very  short,  less  than  I  mm., 
white  to  discolored  within,  mouths  angular,  4-6  to  a  mm., 
edges  very  thin,  denticulate,  fimbriate  with  age,  white  to  isa- 
belline  or  nearly  fulvous  in  dried  specimens;  spores  globose,  4-5  ju. 

Extremely  common  throughout  on  various  forms  of  dead  wood. 

20.    CORIOLUS  NIGROMARGINATUS  (Schw.)  Murrill 

Pileus  confluent-effused,  more  or  less  imbricate,  dimidiate, 
applanate,  corky-leathery,  rather  thick,  flexible  or  rigid,  3-5 
X  5-8  X  0.3-0.8  cm.;  surface  conspicuously  hirsute,  isabelline 
to  cinereous,  concentrically  furrowed  and  zoned;  margin  at 
length  thin,  often  fuliginous,  sterile,  finely  strigose-tomentose, 
entire  or  undulate;  context  white,  thin,  fibrous,  spongy  above, 
1-4  mm.  thick;  tubes  white,  1-2  mm.  long,  mouths  circular  to 
angular,  4  to  a  mm.,  quite  regular,  edges  thin,  firm,  tough,  entire, 
white  to  yellowish  or  umbrinous;  spores  cylindric,  slightly 
curved,  2.5-3  **• 

Common  throughout  on  various  forms  of  dead  wood. 

21.    CORIOLUS  FULVO-UMBRINUS  Murrill 

Pileus  laterally  connate,  semicampanulate,  umbonate-attached, 
thin,  slightly  flexible,  2  X  2-3  X  o.i  cm.,  broader  by  confluence; 
surface  strigose-tomentose,  multizonate,  somewhat  radiate- 
rugose,  uneven,  latericeous-fulvous,  the  zones  very  slightly 
darker;  margin  and  new  growth  white  to  avellaneous,  hirsute, 
zonate,  slightly  lobed,  sometimes  proliferous;  context  thin,  mem- 

2 


14  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

branous,  pallid;  tubes  punctiform,  white  within,  mouths  large, 
hexagonal,  irregular,  2-3  to  a  mm.,  edges  entire  to  lacerate- 
dentate,  the  divisions  distinctly  spinose,  white  to  umbrinous. 
Found  once  on  old  timber  near  the  beach  at  Havana,  Cuba. 

22.     CORIOLUS  PINSITUS  (Fries)  Pat. 

Pileus  thin,  flexible,  confluent-effused,  dimidiate  or  flabelliform, 
often  umbonate-affixed,  2-4  X  3-7  X  o.i  cm.;  surface  isabelline 
to  pale-cinereous,  glistening,  multizonate,  velvety-hirsute;  mar- 
gin thin,  undulate  to  lobed,  sterile,  inflexed  on  drying;  context 
white,  membranous;  tubes  short,  white  to  discolored  within, 
less  than  I  mm.  long,  mouths  hexagonal,  very  regular,  2-3  to  a 
mm.,  edges  thin,  denticulate,  white  to  discolored,  often  becoming 
fuliginous ;  spores  oblong,  6-7  X  3  /*. 

Extremely  common  on  dead  wood  throughout.  The  variation 
in  the  color  of  the  tubes  may  be  very  confusing  unless  one  happens 
to  find  white  and  blackish  tubes  on  the  same  hymenophore. 
It  was  first  described  from  Jamaica  as  Boletus  villosus  Sw.;  not 
B.  villosus  Huds. 

23.    CORIOLUS  SERICEOHIRSUTUS  (Klotzsch)  Murrill 

Pileus  very  thin,  flexible,  erf  used-confluent,  sometimes  wholly 
resupinate,  conchate-reflexed,  0-3  X  2-6  X  0.05-0.1  cm.;  surface 
conspicuously  silky-villose  to  strigose-hirsute,  multizonate,  pale- 
brown  to  hoary,  with  slightly  darker  zones;  margin  thin,  entire 
or  undulate,  dentate  or  eroded  with  age;  context  thin,  white, 
membranous;  tubes  shallow,  1-1.5  mm.  deep,  white  to  slightly 
discolored  within,  mouths  hexagonal,  irregular,  very  variable 
in  size,  0.3-1  mm.  in  diameter,  edges  thin,  denticulate  to  dentate, 
white  to  discolored,  sometimes  becoming  umbrinous;  spores 
6X4M. 

Common  on  dead  trunks  and  branches  of  red  cedar  in  southern 
Florida  and  the  Bermudas,  and  occasional  in  the  Bahamas  and 
Cuba. 

24.    CORIOLUS  SCUTATUS  Murrill 

Pileus  scutate-conchate,  fixed  at  the  center,  thin,  slightly 
flexible,  coriaceous,  5-7  cm.  broad,  1-2  mm.  thick;  surface  villose- 
tomentose,  isabelline  to  dark-purple  or  black,  marked  with  a 
few  narrow,  concentric  lines;  margin  thin,  sterile,  pallid,  entire  or 
undulate,  inflexed  when  dry;  context  thin,  soft-fibrous,  less  than 
I  mm.  thick;  tubes  short,  white,  less  than  i  mm.  long,  mouths 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  15 

circular,  5  to  a  mm.,  edges  rather  thick,  firm,  entire,  white  to 
discolored,  purplish-spotted  when  bruised;  spores  ovoid,  4  X  3  M- 
Found  once  on  dead  wood  in  Mexico. 

25.     CORIOLUS  EFFUSUS  Murrill 

Pileus  very  thin,  flexible,  broadly  confluent,  effused,  shortly 
reflexed,  the  reflexed  portion  convex,  laterally  elongate,  pro- 
jecting 3-7  mm.;  surface  finely  tomentose,  white  or  pale-yel- 
lowish, slightly  sulcate,  especially  near  the  margin,  which  is 
broadly  sterile,  milk-white,  undulate;  context  thin,  white,  mem- 
branous; hymenium  very  irregular,  varying  according  to  the 
position  of  the  tubes,  white  or  slightly  yellowish;  tubes  very 
short,  mouths  circular  or  much  elongated  radially,  edges  thin, 
becoming  lacerate-dentate  or  somewhat  irpiciform. 

Frequent  on  dead  wood  in  Jamaica. 

26.     CORIOLUS  PAVONIUS  (Hook.)  Murrill 

Pileus  thin,  coriaceous,  flexible,  dimidiate,  imbricate,  conchate, 
3-5  X  4-7  X  0.1-0.2  cm.;  surface  multizonate,  strigose-velvety, 
pallid,  becoming  pale-cinereous  with  age;  margin  thin,  white 
or  yellowish,  sterile,  entire  or  undulate;  context  white,  fibrous, 
about  I  mm.  thick;  tubes  punctiform,  less  than  I  mm.  long, 
white  to  slightly  yellowish  within,  mouths  very  regular  in 
normally  developed  specimens,  circular  to  slightly  angular, 
4-6  to  a  mm.,  edges  white  to  ochraceous,  very  thin,  denticulate; 
spores  globose,  4  p. 

Common  throughout  on  dead  hardwood  logs  and  sticks. 

27.     CORIOLUS  ORIZABENSIS  Murrill 

Pileus  many  times  imbricate,  very  slightly  decurrent  at  times, 
sessile,  dimidiate  or  fan-shaped,  conchate,  thin,  flexible,  2-3  X 
3-5  X  0.2-0.3  cm.;  surface  white  to  slightly  yellowish-discolored, 
uneven,  rugose,  two  or  three  times  slightly  sulcate,  obscurely 
zonate,  appressed-fibrillose,  margin  undulate,  somewhat  abruptly 
thickened,  finely  tomentose,  conspicuously  appressed-fibrillose, 
subconcolorous ;  context  white,  fibrous,  I  mm.  thick;  tubes  2 
mm.  long,  pallid  within,  mouths  large,  irregular,  glistening, 
white  to  discolored,  2  to  a  mm.  near  the  margin,  I  to  a  mm. 
behind,  edges  thin,  lacerate-dentate. 

Collected  once  on  dead  wood  in  moist  woods  near  Orizaba, 
Mexico. 


1 6  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

28.     CORIOLUS  MAXIMUS  (Mont.)  Murrill 

Pileus  very  large,  flexible  or  rigid,  leathery,  dimidiate,  im- 
bricate, 5-12  X  10-20  X  0.2-0.5  cm.;  surface  conspicuously 
villose-tomentose  to  partially  glabrous,  concentrically  furrowed, 
white  or  cremeous,  becoming  hoary;  margin  thin,  entire  to 
lobed;  context  soft  and  spongy  above,  tough  and  fibrous  below, 
white,  1-3  mm.  thick;  tubes  1-2  mm.  long,  white  to  cremeous 
within,  soon  becoming  irpiciform,  mouths  circular  when  very 
young,  3-4  to  a  mm.,  edges  white  to  ochraceous,  firm,  fimbriate- 
dentate,  soon  splitting  into  sharp  teeth. 

Very  common  and  conspicuous  on  dead  trunks  throughout 
the  region. 

29.     CORIOLUS  SOBRIUS  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill 

Pileus  very  thin,  small,  flabelliform,  imbricate,  1.5  X  i  X  o.i 
cm.;  surface  very  smooth,  glabrous,  subzonate,  isabelline  to 
pale-chestnut,  variegated,  margin  very  thin,  entire;  context 
membranous,  white,  less  than  0.5  mm.  thick;  tubes  nearly  I 
mm.  in  length,  shorter  near  the  margin,  soon  becoming  irpici- 
form, mouths  rather  large  for  the  size  of  the  pileus,  irregular, 
radially  elongate,  angular,  2-4  to  a  mm.,  edges  white  to  dis- 
colored, entire  to  lacerate. 

Found  once  on  dead  wood  in  Cuba. 

30.     CORIOLUS  CYPHELLOIDES  (Fries)  Murrill 

Pileus  minute,  erumpent  through  the  cortex,  thin,  coriaceous, 
pendulous,  subcampanulate  to  unguliform,  attenuate  behind, 
O.6  X  I  X  0.2-0.3  cm.;  surface  finely  tomentose  to  nearly 
glabrous,  silky-shining,  finely  zonate  near  the  margin,  which  is 
thin,  fertile,  concolorous;  context  white,  fibrous,  less  than  0.5 
mm.  thick;  tubes  rather  long,  1.5-2  mm.,  white  within,  large 
and  irregular,  soon  becoming  irpiciform,  mouths  2-3  to  a  mm., 
edges  white  or  pallid,  thin,  dentate  to  lacerate. 

Found  once  on  dead  wood  in  Mexico. 

31.    CORIOLUS  IRPICIFORMIS  Murrill 

Pileus  white  throughout  or  slightly  greenish  behind,  probably 
owing  to  algae,  gregarious,  elongate-spatulate,  narrowly  or 
broadly  attached,  4-7  X  2.5-4  X  0.2  cm. ;  surface  slightly  zonate, 
minutely  fibrose-lacerate,  margin  lacerate,  fertile;  context  very 
thin,  fibrous;  tubes  about  2  mm.  long,  mouths  large,  angular, 
soon  becoming  irpiciform,  edges  acute,  separating  into  irregular, 
toothed  plates. 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  17 

Collected  once  on  dead  chips  in  moist  woods  near  Orizaba, 
Mexico. 

32.     CORIOLUS  ABIETINUS  (Dicks.)  Qu61. 

Pileus  effused-reflexed,  the  reflexed  portion  thin,  tough,  flexible 
to  nearly  rigid,  0.5-1.5  X  1-3  X  0.05-0.1  cm.;  surface  obsoletely 
zonate,  grayish-white,  villose;  margin  thin,  undulate  to  lobed, 
fimbriate  with  age,  incurved  on  drying;  context  very  thin,  white, 
membranous;  tubes  uneven,  irregular,  soon  becoming  irpiciform, 
mouths  variable  in  size,  2-3  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  lacerate- 
dentate,  unequal,  pallid  or  violet,  fading  with  age,  somewhat 
flesh-tinted  in  dried  specimens;  spores  globose,  4.5-5.5  /*. 

Frequent  on  dead  pine  trunks  in  southern  Florida  and  in  the 
mountains  of  Cuba  and  Mexico. 

33.     CORIOLUS  PROLIFICANS  (Fries)  Murrill 

Pileus  exceedingly  variable,  sessile  or  affixed  by  a  short  tubercle, 
dimidiate  to  flabelliform,  broadly  or  narrowly  attached,  2-5 
X  2-6  X  0.1-0.3  cm.;  surface  finely  villose-tomentose,  smooth, 
white  or  slightly  yellowish,  marked  with  a  few  narrow,  indistinct, 
latericeous  or  bay  zones;  margin  thin,  sterile,  entire  to  lobed; 
context  very  thin,  white,  fibrous;  tubes  1-3  mm.  long,  white  to 
discolored  within,  mouths  angular,  somewhat  irregular,  3-4  to  a 
mm.,  usually  becoming  irpiciform  at  an  early  stage,  edges  acute, 
dentate,  becoming  lacerate,  white  to  yellowish  or  umbrinous. 

Frequent  to  common  on  dead  wood  throughout  most  of  the 
region,  sometimes  assuming  peculiar  branched  forms. 

3.     CORIOLELLUS  Murrill 

Hymenophore  small,  dry,  annual,  epixylous,  semiresupinate ; 
surface  anoderm,  usually  azonate;  context  white,  thin,  fibrous 
to  corky;  hymenium  concolorous;  tubes  thin-walled,  usually 
rather  large  and  irregular,  dentate,  but  not  irpiciform;  spores 
smooth,  hyaline. 

i.    CORIOLELLUS  SEPIUM  (Berk.)  Murrill 

Pileus  small,  dimidiate,  laterally  connate,  narrowly  attached 
when  young,  becoming  decurrent  and  of  ten  effused,  0.5-1  X  1-3.5 
X  0.2-0.5  cm- !  surface  white  or  pale-wood-colored,  finely  tomen- 
tose  to  glabrous,  subzonate,  smooth  or  broadly  radiately  fur- 
rowed; margin  thin  or  tumid,  entire  to  undulate;  context  white, 
1-2  mm.  thick,  soft-corky;  tubes  white,  2-3  mm.  long,  mouths 
angular,  uneven,  irregular,  sometimes  slightly  sinuous,  1-2  to  a 


1 8  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

mm.,  edges  thin,  undulate  to  dentate,  white;  spores  oblong, 
12  X  5  /*• 

Frequent  on  structural  timber  and  other  dead  wood  in  the 
mountains  of  Cuba,  Jamaica,  Montserrat,  Mexico,  and  Costa 
Rica.  An  isabelline,  rather  irregular  form,  varying  to  entirely 
resupinate,  is  often  difficult  to  associate  with  the  typical  form  of 
this  species. 

4.  SPONGIPORUS  Murrill 
Hymenophore  small,  annual,  epixylous,  sessile,  dimidiate,  pul- 

vinate;  surface  white,  anoderm  to  subpelliculose,  azonate,  soft 
and  elastic ;  context  white,  extremely  soft  and  spongy  throughout ; 
hymenium  rigid,  somewhat  discolored;  tubes  large,  irregular, 
thin-walled,  lacerate;  spores  smooth,  hyaline. 

i.    SPONGIPORUS  ALTOCEDRONENSIS  Murrill 

Pileus  very  soft  and  spongy,  broadly  attached,  decurrent, 
subimbricate,  0.5-1  X  1.5-3  X  0.5-1  cm. ;  surface  white,  azonate, 
smooth,  villose;  margin  thick,  broadly  sterile;  context  white, 
very  soft  and  spongy,  radiate-fibrous,  a  few  fibers  being  darker 
•and  firmer,  3-8  mm.  thick;  tubes  shallow,  ample,  white  to  pale- 
reddish-brown,  about  I  mm.  in  length,  1-2  to  a  mm.,  mouths 
quite  irregular,  angular,  edges  thin,  uneven,  dentate;  spores 
globose,  4-4.5  /i. 

Collected  once  on  rotten  wood  at  Alto  Cedro,  Cuba. 

5.  TOMOPHAGUS  Murrill 

Hymenophore  very  large,  but  of  light  weight,  annual,  epixy- 
lous, sessile,  dimidiate,  thick  and  pulvinate;  surface  pelliculose, 
glabrous,  azonate,  margin  very  obtuse;  context  very  thick,  soft 
and  spongy  throughout;  tubes  small,  dark-colored,  thin-walled, 
fragile;  spores  smooth,  hyaline. 

i.    TOMOPHAGUS  COLOSSUS  (Fries)  Murrill 

Pileus  of  immense  size  but  of  very  light  weight,  dimidiate  to 
reniform,  sessile,  convex  above,  10-20  X  15-30  X  7-10  cm.; 
surface  azonate,  glabrous,  smooth,  pale-yellowish,  at  length 
covered  with  a  very  thin  cuticle,  which  becomes  cracked, 
wrinkled,  and  pallid  with  age;  margin  very  obtuse,  rounded,  con- 
colorous;  context  very  soft  and  spongy,  homogeneous,  concen- 
trically zonate,  several  centimeters  thick;  tubes  minute,  soft, 
white  to  discolored  within,  2-5  mm.  long,  mouths  angular,  3-4 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  19 

to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  dentate,  white  to  discolored,  umbrinous  or 
fuliginous  in  herbarium  specimens;  spores  obovoid,  smooth, 
hyaline  tinged  with  cream-olive,  15-18  X  8-12  p. 

Found  on  stumps  of  Cedrela  odorata  once  in  Costa  Rica  and 
once  in  Yucatan. 


6.    TYROMYCES   P.  Karst. 

Hymenophore  annual,  epixylous,  sessile,  anoderm,  azonate, 
glabrous  or  nearly  so;  context  white,  fibrous,  fleshy  to  fleshy- 
tough,  rigid  and  friable  when  dry;  tubes  thin-walled,  white  or 
yellowish,  mouths  polygonal;  spores  smooth,  hyaline. 


Pileus  large,  8  cm.  or  more  in  diameter. 
Tubes  less  than  5  mm.  long. 
Pileus  over  i  cm.  thick. 
Pileus  3-5  mm.  thick. 
Tubes  more  than  5  mm.  long. 
Surface  of  pileus  very  smooth. 

Pileus  white  or  slightly  yellowish,  unchanging; 

tubes  small,  entire. 
Pileus  becoming  dark-sordid-bay  throughout 

on  drying;  tubes  3  to  a  mm.,  lacerate. 
Surface  of  pileus  not  very  smooth;  tubes  minute; 

spores  subglobose,  3  M- 

Pileus  small,  rarely  exceeding  5  cm.  in  diameter. 
Pileus  resinous  or  cartilaginous  in  appearance. 
Pileus  neither  resinous  nor  cartilaginous  in  appear- 
ance. 

Hymenium  more  or  less  bluish  or  bluish-spotted. 
Pileus  effused-reflexed,  white  or  pale-isabel- 

line. 

Pileus  not  effused-reflexed,  more  or  less  bluish. 
Hymenium  not  tinged  with  blue. 

Pileus  white  or  nearly  so,  sometimes  becoming 

slightly  darker  with  age. 
Surface  entirely  glabrous  throughout. 
Pileus  effused-reflexed,  1.5  cm.  broad. 
Pileus  flabelliform,  narrowly  attached, 

2.5  cm.  broad. 

Surface   tomentose  or   pubescent,   some- 
times becoming  nearly  glabrous. 
Tubes  4-5  to  a  mm.;  species  confined 

to  high  elevations. 
Tubes  6-7  to  a  mm. ;  species  confined  to 

low  elevations. 
Pileus  gilvous  or  some  shade  of  fulvous. 

Tubes  3-4  mm.  long,  much  longer  than  the 
thickness  of  the  very  thin  context. 


1.  T.  palustris. 

2.  T.  Palmar um. 


3.  T.  nivosellus. 


4.  T.Smallii. 

5.  T.  graminicola. 


6.  T.  versicutis. 


7.  T.  semipileatus. 

8.  T.  caesius. 


9.  T.  semisupiniformis. 


10.  T.  cinchonensis. 


ii.  T.  lacteus. 


12.  T.  leucomallus. 


13.  T.  albogilvus. 


2O  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

Tubes  short,  about  equal  to  the  thickness 

of  the  context. 
Hymenium  subfulvous;  spores  ovoid, 

3-4  M-  14-  T.  fulvitinclus. 

Hymenium    white    to    pallid;    spores 

cylindric,  4X1  M.  15.  T.  duracinus. 

I.    TYROMYCES  PALUSTRIS  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill 

Pileus  dimidiate,  convex  above,  plane  or  concave  below, 
much  thicker  behind,  subimbricate,  fleshy- tough  to  rigid  and 
somewhat  friable  when  dry,  4-6  X  8-10  X  1-3  cm.;  surface 
smooth,  glabrous,  white  to  slightly  yellowish,  sometimes  rough 
and  tubercular  behind ;  margin  thin  or  thick,  entire  or  undulate, 
white,  becoming  slightly  discolored;  context  1-2  cm.  thick, 
white,  fleshy-fibrous  when  fresh,  becoming  firm  and  somewhat 
friable  when  dry;  tubes  2-5  mm.  long,  white  to  slightly  yellowish 
within,  about  4  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  white  to  yellowish,  entire 
to  dentate. 

Occasional  on  pine  trunks  in  southern  Florida,  the  Bahamas, 
and  Cuba. 

2.  TYROMYCES  PALM  ARUM  Murrill 

Pileus  very  broad,  thin,  applanate,  dimidiate,  concave  below, 
incurved  on  drying,  fleshy-tough  to  rigid,  6-10  X  10-20  X  0.5- 
0.8  cm.;  surface  glabrous,  nearly  smooth,  slightly  rugose  or 
tubercular,  white  to  cremeous;  margin  thin,  undulate  to  lobed, 
fertile,  concolorous;  context  white,  fleshy-fibrous  to  rigid  and 
somewhat  fragile  on  drying,  3-5  mm.  thick;  tubes  2-4  mm. 
long,  white  to  yellowish  within,  mouths  glistening,  angular, 
regular,  3  to  a  mm.,  white  to  slightly  yellowish  and  finally 
avellaneous,  edges  thin,  entire;  spores  globose,  3  /x. 

Found  a  few  times  on  dead  palm  logs  in  Cuba  and  Jamaica. 

3.  TYROMYCES  NIVOSELLUS  Murrill 

Pileus  simple,  imbricate,  dimidiate,  semicampanulate  to  un- 
gulate, very  thick  behind,  convex  above,  concave  below,  3-5  X 
6-9  X  2-4  cm.;  surface  smooth,  glabrous,  azonate,  white  or 
very  slightly  yellowish;  margin  thick,  usually  obtuse,  entire  or 
undulate,  concolorous,  darker  when  dry;  context  fleshy- tough, 
rigid,  but  slightly  friable  when  dry,  milk-white,  0.5-2.5  cm.  thick; 
tubes  long  and  slender,  about  I  cm.,  white  to  dull-yellowish 
within,  mouths  regular,  angular,  3  to  a  mm.,  white  to  isabelline 
or  umbrinous,  edges  firm,  rather  thin,  entire;  spores  ellipsoid, 
3-5  X6/*. 

Found  a  few  times  on  palm  trunks  in  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico. 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  21 

4.    TYROMYCES  SMALLII  Murrill 

Pileus  compressed-ungulate,  with  a  large  umbo,  broadly 
sessile,  dimidiate,  fleshy-tough,  difficult  to  dry,  5-7  X  6-10 
X  2-5  cm.;  surface  very  smooth,  glabrous,  azonate,  white 
to  cremeous,  changing  to  sordid-bay  or  blackish  on  drying; 
context  fleshy-tough,  zonate,  watery,  moist  and  flexible  even  in 
dried  specimens,  dull-white  to  sordid-avellaneous,  tinged  with 
flesh-color,  0.5-2.5  cm.  thick;  tubes  5-8  mm.  long,  3  to  a  mm., 
rather  large  and  irregular  at  times  from  the  splitting  of  the  dis- 
sepiments, partially  collapsed,  somewhat  fragile,  dark-bay 
throughout  in  dried  specimens,  edges  thin,  lacerate,  fimbriate. 

Found  a  few  times  on  pine  trunks  in  Florida. 

5.    TYROMYCES  GRAMINICOLA  Murrill,  sp.  nov. 

Hymenophore  forming  a  large  oblong  cluster  about  30  cm. 
long,  15  cm.  broad,  and  10  cm.  high,  very  irregular  and  lobed 
by  reason  of  its  habitat,  the  lobes  dimidiate,  rather  thin,  uniting 
behind  into  a  thick  substipitiform  base;  surface  fleshy,  soft, 
uneven,  glabrous,  white,  partly  changing  to  yellowish  or  brown- 
ish on  drying;  context  thin,  white,  becoming  spongy- fragile  and 
rose-tinted  on  drying;  tubes  fleshy,  slender,  angular,  minute, 
white,  becoming  brownish  and  collapsing  on  drying,  the  edges 
very  thin,  becoming  somewhat  lacerate;  spores  subglobose, 
smooth,  hyaline,  about  3/1. 

Type  collected  in  a  clump  of  grass  (Sporobolus?)  in  open 
loamy  soil,  near  Harrington  Sound,  Bermuda,  August  27- 
September  21,  1912,  Stewardson  Brown  &  N.  L.  Britton  834 
(herb.  N.  Y.  Bot.  Card.)-  The  fungus  was  evidently  living  on 
the  decaying  grass  roots,  since  no  dead  wood  was  present, 
either  above  or  beneath  the  ground.  No  other  specimens  of 
this  species  have  been  collected. 

6.     TYROMYCES  VERSICUTIS  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill 

Pileus  cespitose-imbricate,  fleshy- tough,  rigid  when  dry, 
dimidiate,  decurrent behind,  0.5-1. 5  X  3~4  X  0.2-0.4 cm.;  surface 
rugose  or  tuberculose,  finely  tomentose,  resinous-guttate,  ochrace- 
ous  to  latericeous  when  dry;  margin  somewhat  obtuse,  sterile; 
context  fleshy  to  rigid,  pallid,  2  mm.  thick;  tubes  1-2  mm.  long, 
pallid  to  umbrinous,  mouths  circular  to  slightly  angular,  minute, 
6  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  subentire,  pallid  to  umbrinous. 

Found  a  few  times  on  dead  wood  in  Cuba. 


22  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

7.    TYROMYCES  SEMIPILEATUS  (Peck)  Murrill 

Pileus  effused,  largely  resupinate,  suborbicular  or  laterally 
elongate,  very  narrowly  reflexed,  the  reflexed  portion  o-i  X  2-5 
X  0.3-0.5  cm.;  surface  white  or  pale-isabelline,  subvillose  or 
scabrous,  azonate;  margin  thin,  undulate,  sometimes  inflexed; 
context  white,  fleshy-tough  to  fragile,  2-4  mm.  thick;  tubes 
short,  slender,  white  to  yellowish  within,  mouths  minute,  circular 
to  slightly  angular,  scarcely  conspicuous,  7  to  a  mm.,  edges 
thin,  very  even,  entire,  white  to  pallid,  often  bluish-discolored 
in  spots  or  blotches ;  spores  subglobose,  6-8  /x. 

Found  on  dead  wood  in  the  Tepeite  Valley,  Mexico,  at  an 
elevation  of  2300  m. 

8.  TYROMYCES  CAESIUS  (Schrad.)  Murrill 

Pileus  dimidiate,  imbricate,  often  narrowly  attached,  with  a 
prominent  umbo,  variable  in  habit  and  size,  soft,  spongy  when 
fresh,  fragile  when  dry,  1-2  X  3-6  X  0.5-1.5  cm.;  surface  sod- 
den, tomentose  or  villose-tomentose,  azonate,  murinous  or 
griseous  when  fresh,  becoming  caesious  or  fading  to  nearly  pure- 
white  on  drying,  often  nearly  glabrous  with  age;  context  white, 
soft,  friable,  5-8  mm.  thick;  tubes  long  and  slender,  5-10  mm. 
long,  caesious  within,  collapsing,  friable,  mouths  angular,  3-4 
to  a  mm.,  edges  white  or  bluish -gray,  very  thin,  dentate  to  long 
and  sharply  lacerate;  spores  elongate,  5-5.5  X  1.5  At. 

Abundant  on  dead  branches  and  trunks  of  Juniperus  at 
Cinchona  and  New  Haven  Gap,  Jamaica,  and  found  also  at 
Castleton,  Jamaica,  and  in  the  Tepeite  Valley,  Mexico. 

9.  TYROMYCES  SEMISUPINIFORMIS  Murrill 

Pilei  very  abundant,  imbricate,  semiresupinate,  the  reflexed 
portion  dimidiate  or  laterally  extended,  sometimes  cuneate, 
convex  above,  slightly  concave  below,  thin,  very  tough,  1-1.5  cm- 
long,  about  1.5  cm.  broad,  larger  by  confluence,  1-3  mm.  thick; 
surface  slightly  sulcate-zonate,  dull-ochroleucous  behind,  stra- 
mineous in  front,  glabrous,  somewhat  uneven,  margin  thin, 
sterile,  undulate  or  lobed;  context  very  thin,  white,  rigid  when 
dry,  only  slightly  friable;  tubes  ochroleucous,  cremeous  near  the 
margin;  mouths  very  minute,  invisible  to  the  unaided  eye, 
circular  to  angular,  edges  entire,  obtuse,  becoming  thin. 

Collected  once  on  the  side  of  a  large  log  in  a  moist  virgin  forest 
near  Jalapa,  Mexico. 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  23 

10.    TYROMYCES  CINCHONENSIS  Murrill 

Pileus  imbricate,  flabelliform,  attached  by  a  narrow  base,  con- 
vex above,  concave  below,  slightly  flexible,  becoming  rigid  and 
fragile  when  dry,  2.5  X  2.5  X  0.2-0.3  cm.;  surface  milk-white, 
becoming  suffused  with  avellaneous  or  very  pale  ardesiacous 
markings,  perfectly  glabrous,  radiate-rugose;  margin  thin,  un- 
dulate or  eroded,  deflexed  on  drying,  concolorous;  context  white, 
thin,  fibrous,  rather  tough  for  the  genus;  tubes  white,  much 
longer  than  the  thickness  of  the  context,  averaging  about  2  mm., 
mouths  angular,  regular,  white  with  an  ashy  tint,  glistening,  5-6 
to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  becoming  slightly  lacerate-dentate ;  spores 
cylindric,  curved  at  times,  4  X  1.5-2.5  p. 

Collected  twice  at  Cinchona,  Jamaica,  on  dead  coniferous  wood. 

ii.    TYROMYCES  LACTEUS  (Fries)  Murrill 

Pileus  dimidiate,  sessile,  decurrent,  convex,  very  soft,  fleshy, 
becoming  rigid  when  dry,  2-4  X  5-8  X  0.5-1.5  cm.;  surface 
milk-white,  sometimes  slightly  discolored,  azonate,  finely  tomen- 
tose  or  pubescent  to  nearly  glabrous,  more  or  less  silky-striate ; 
margin  abruptly  thin,  inflexed,  undulate,  concolorous;  context 
spongy-fibrous,  very  fragile  when  dry,  5-10  mm.  thick,  milk- 
white,  zonate  at  times;  tubes  quite  long,  slender,  equaling  the 
thickness  of  the  context,  5-10  mm.,  milk-white  within,  mouths 
regular,  angular,  4-5  to  a  mm.,  glistening,  becoming  lacerate 
and  somewhat  uneven,  edges  thin,  dentate  to  sharply  toothed, 
fragile,  white  to  slightly  yellowish ;  spores  allantoid,4~5  X  1-1.5  /*• 

Found  on  dead  wood  in  the  Tepeite  Valley,  near  Cuernavaca, 
Mexico,  at  an  elevation  of  2300  m. 

12.    TYROMYCES  LEUCOMALLUS  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill 

Pileus  soft,  fleshy,  very  fragile  when  dry,  dimidiate,  sessile, 
convex,  3-5  X  5-8  X  0.5-1.5  cm.;  surface  white  to  slightly 
cinereous,  tomentose,  appressed-fibrose  when  young;  margin 
acute  to  slightly  obtuse,  sometimes  inflexed,  brown  or  black 
when  bruised;  context  very  soft  and  friable  when  dry,  milk- 
white,  0.5-1  cm.  thick;  tubes  white,  3-10  mm.  long,  mouths 
minute,  6-7  to  a  mm.,  subcircular,  edges  white  to  pallid,  sub- 
glistening,  very  thin  and  dentate  to  slightly  lacerate. 

Occasional  on  dead  wood  in  Cuba,  western  Jamaica,  and 
eastern  Mexico. 


24  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

13.    TYROMYCES  ALBOGILVUS  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill 

Pileus  dimidiate  to  flabelliform,  sometimes  attached  by  a  very 
narrow  base,  fleshy,  rigid  when  dry,  convex  above,  plane  below, 
2.5  X  2.5-3  X  0.4-0.7  cm.;  surface  finely  tomentose  to  resinous- 
glabrous,  gilvous  when  fresh,  azonate,  somewhat  radiate-rugose; 
margin  rather  thick,  often  obtuse,  entire,  concolorous;  context 
thin,  white,  fleshy  to  fragile,  I  mm.  thick;  tubes  long,  slender, 
4-6  mm.,  white  or  pale-yellowish,  mouths  minute,  angular,  6  to  a 
mm.,  glistening,  white  or  pale-yellowish,  usually  abruptly 
radially  elongate  near  the  margin,  presenting  the  appearance  of 
lamellae,  edges  thin,  entire  or  slightly  dentate. 

Occasional  on  dead  trunks  in  woods  in  Cuba,  Porto  Rico, 
Jamaica,  and  British  Honduras. 

14.    TYROMYCES  FULVITINCTUS  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill 

Pileus  fleshy- tough,  rigid  and  fragile  when  dry,  sessile,  dimidi- 
ate, applanate,  decurrent,  3-4  cm.  broad,  3-5  mm.  thick;  surface 
tomentose,  alutaceous-fulvous,  becoming  glabrous  behind,  azo- 
nate, subsulcate,  margin  rather  thick,  fertile,  entire  or  undulate; 
context  homogeneous,  corky-fragile,  whitish  to  isabelline,  1-2 
mm.  thick;  tubes  short,  2-3  mm.  long,  white  to  isabelline  or 
avellaneous,  mouths  small,  circular  to  angular,  pale-umbrinous 
in  dried  specimens,  edges  thin,  obtuse,  entire;  spores  subglobose 
to  ovoid,  3-4  p. 

Found  a  few  times  on  dead  wood  in  Cuba  and  once  in  Grenada. 

15.    TYROMYCES  DURACINUS  (Pat.)  Murrill 

Pileus  convex,  rigid,  hard,  1.5-2.5  cm.  broad,  2-4  mm.  thick; 
surface  isabelline  to  pale-fulvous,  darker  near  the  margin, 
glabrous,  marked  with  1-2  concentric  furrows;  margin  inflexed, 
usually  acute;  context  hard,  fragile,  white,  1-2  mm.  thick;  tubes 
I  mm.  long,  white  to  discolored,  mouths  small,  circular,  5  to  a 
mm.,  edges  white  to  avellaneous,  obtuse,  entire;  spores  cylindric, 
4  X  i/x. 

Found  once  in  Guadeloupe  on  dead  branches  of  Cecropia 
peltata. 

7.    SPONGIPELLIS  Pat. 

Hymenophore  annual,  epixylous,  sessile,  dimidiate,  simple  or 
imbricate,  rather  large;  surface  white,  anoderm,  sodden  and 
bibulous;  context  white,  duplex,  spongy  above,  firm  below; 
hymenium  concolorous,  tubes  thin-walled;  spores  smooth, 
hyaline. 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  25 

Pileus  1-2  cm.  thick;  tubes  1-2  to  a  mm.  i.  S.  luridescens. 
Pileus  less  than  i  cm.  thick. 

Tubes  small,  6  to  a  mm.  2.  5.  hydrophilus. 

Tubes  large,  1-3  to  a  mm.  3.  5.  substuppeus. 

i.    SPONGIPELLIS  LURIDESCENS  Murrill 

Pileus  compressed-ungulate,  subimbricate,  dimidiate,  plane 
below,  3  X  5  X  1-2  cm.;  surface  smooth,  spongy-tomentose, 
azonate,  isabelline  to  fulvous  or  fuliginous;  margin  rather  thick, 
either  acute  or  rounded,  entire,  sterile,  concolorous;  context  soft, 
punky,  white  to  discolored,  3-5  mm.  thick,  5-8  mm.  long,  white 
to  isabelline  within,  darker  near  the  mouths,  which  are  circular 
to  angular,  sinuous  and  slightly  irpiciform  behind,  1-2  to  a  mm., 
edges  thin,  firm,  corky,  entire  to  lacerate,  isabelline  to  fuliginous 
with  age;  spores  ellipsoid,  3-4  X  1-2  ju. 

Found  once  at  Hall's  Delight,  Jamaica,  on  old  stumps. 

2.  SPONGIPELLIS  HYDROPHILUS  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill 

Pileus  thin,  somewhat  cespitose,  flabelliform,  attached  by  a 
tubercle,  fleshy  and  very  watery  when  fresh,  becoming  rigid  and 
contorted  when  dry,  2-3  X  3-5  X  0.2-0.4  cm-  5  surface  isabelline, 
finely  hispid-tomentose,  zonate  and  concentrically  furrowed  near 
the  margin,  which  is  very  thin,  incurved  and  bay  to  black  in 
dried  specimens;  context  fleshy  to  rigid  and  hard,  white  to 
slightly  yellowish,  1-2.5  mm.  thick;  tubes  short,  1-1.5  nirn.  long, 
white  to  isabelline  within,  mouths  minute,  circular  to  angular, 
6  to  a  mm.,  collapsing,  edges  thin,  dentate,  white  to  isabelline, 
glistening. 

Found  a  few  times  on  logs  in  Cuba  and  British  Honduras. 

3.  SPONGIPELLIS  SUBSTUPPEUS  (Berk.  &  Cooke)  Murrill 

Pileus  simple  or  imbricate,  dimidiate,  umbonate-sessile  or 
broadly  attached,  decurrent,  3-4  X  4-7  X  0.3-0.8  cm.;  surface 
floccose,  substuppeous,  spongy,  azonate,  pale-ochraceous  to  dis- 
colored; margin  thin,  entire,  easily  discolored;  context  soft, 
fibrous-spongy,  white  to  discolored,  1-3  mm.  thick;  tubes  2-4 
mm.  long,  white  to  pale-latericeous  within,  mouths  large,  ir- 
regular, angular,  radially  elongate  at  times,  1-3  to  a  mm., 
edges  thin,  dentate,  white  to  umbrinous;  spores  globose,  5-7  /*. 

Found  a  few  times  on  dead  wood  in  Cuba,  as  well  as  in  Brazil. 

8.     BJERKANDERA  P.  Karst. 

Hymenophore  annual,  epixylous,  sessile,  anoderm,  glabrous, 
azonate,  corky;  context  white,  tough  or  woody,  not  friable  when 


26  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

dry;  tubes   thin-walled,   more  or  less  smoke-colored,   mouths 
polygonal;  spores  smooth,  hyaline. 

Hymenium  smoke-colored  when  young,  soon  becoming  black. 

Tubes  black  within.  i.  B,  adusta. 

Tubes  white  within,  the  mouths  black.  2.  B.  albostygia. 

Hymenium  pallid  when  very  young,  becoming  more  or  less 
blackish  with  age. 

Pileus  5  cm.  or  less  broad.  3.  B.  terebrans. 

Pileus  10-20  cm.  broad.  4.  B.  subsimulans. 

I.      BjERKANDERA  ADUSTA    (Willd.)    P.    Karst. 

Pileus  cespitose-imbricate,  decurrent,  sometimes  effused, 
conchate,  fleshy-tough  or  corky,  somewhat  flexible  when  dry, 
2-4  X  4-8  X  0.2-0.4  cm.;  surface  undulate,  indistinctly  zonate, 
especially  near  the  margin,  finely  tomentose  or  villose,  isabelline 
with  slightly  darker  markings;  margin  thin,  undulate,  sterile, 
pallid,  usually  becoming  black  as  though  scorched;  context 
fibrous-corky,  white,  1-3.5  mm.  thick;  tubes  short,  I  mm.  or 
less  long,  smoky-white  to  blackish  within,  mouths  regular, 
angular,  5-6  to  a  mm.,  smoke-colored  and  pruinose  when  young, 
soon  becoming  grayish-black,  edges  thin,  entire;  spores  ellipsoid- 
allantoid,  3-5  X  1. 5-2.5 /z. 

Common  throughout  on  dead  wood. 

2.  BJERKANDERA  ALBOSTYGIA  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill 

Pileus  effused,  resupinate  to  shortly  reflexed,  5  mm.  thick; 
surface  pallid,  finely  tomentose,  smooth;  margin  obtuse,  bay- 
brown  in  dried  specimens,  entire,  fertile,  finely  tuberculose; 
context  thin,  less  than  I  mm.,  white  to  slightly  pallid,  homo- 
geneous, somewhat  fragile;  tubes  rather  long,  slender,  stuffed, 
white  to  yellowish  within,  darker  near  the  mouths,  2-3  mm.  long, 
mouths  minute,  somewhat  angular,  regular,  even,  8  to  a  mm., 
edges  black,  rather  thick,  obtuse,  entire. 

Found  once  on  dead  wood  in  Cuba. 

3.  BJERKANDERA  TEREBRANS  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill 

Pileus  subfleshy,  thick,  flabelliform,  convex,  4  X  4-5  X  I  cm., 
attached  by  a  thick,  laterally-compressed,  concolorous,  pubescent 
elongation  resembling  a  stipe;  surface  isabelline  or  luteous, 
pubescent-scabrous,  azonate,  smooth;  margin  obtuse,  entire; 
context  white  to  isabelline,  homogeneous,  soft-corky,  nearly  I  cm. 
thick;  tubes  whitish  when  young,  fuliginous  in  dried  specimens, 
less  than  i  mm.,  mouths  4  to  a  mm.,  edges  obtuse,  entire. 

Found  once  on  dead  trees  in  Cuba. 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  27 

4.      BjERKANDERA   SUBSIMULANS   Murrill 

Pileus  explanate,  fleshy-tough,  sessile,  dimidiate  or  fan-shaped* 
often  attached  by  a  narrow  base,  5-10  X  10-15  X  0.3-0.7  cm.; 
surface  smooth,  partly  glabrous  and  partly  clothed  with  scanty, 
flexible  hairs;  margin  thin,  acute,  broadly  sterile,  lobed,  with  a 
zone  of  appressed  hairs  and  blackish  as  though  scorched  for 
5-10  mm.;  context  fibrous,  hard  and  corky  when  dry,  white  to 
isabelline;  tubes  2-5  mm.  long,  white  to  fuliginous,  mouths 
angular,  irregular,  1-3  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin. 

Found  once  on  dead  trunks  in  Cuba. 


9.    TRAMETES  Fries 

Hymenophore  annual,  epixylous,  sessile;  surface  anoderm, 
white,  azonate;  context  white,  homogeneous,  coriaceous  to  soft- 
corky;  hymenium  concolorous,  rigid;  tubes  thin-walled,  mouths 
circular  to  irregular;  spores  smooth,  hyaline. 

Context  punky,  soft. 

Surface  entirely  white,  sometimes  discolored  with  age; 

pileus  less  than  5  cm.  broad. 

Pileus  snow-white,  dimidiate.  i.  T.  nivosa. 

Pileus  whitish,  opaque,  effused-reflexed.  2.  T.  jamaicensis. 

Surface  partly  brown  or  red,  especially  behind;  pileus 

10-20  cm.  broad.  3.  T.  cubensis. 

Context  corky,  rather  firm. 

Pileus  effused-reflexed;  surface  more  or  less  murinous.        4.  T.  submurina. 
Pileus  normally  expanded;  surface  not  murinous. 
Surface  white  or  yellowish. 

Context  about  5  mm.  thick.  5.  T.  havannensis. 

Context  2-3  cm.  thick.  6.  T.  lignea. 

Surface  fulvous  tinged  with  chestnut.  7.  T.  rutilantiformis . 

Surface  avellaneous  to  blackish-avellaneous.  8.  T.  jalapensis. 

Pileus  vertically  attached,  i  cm.  broad.  9.  T.  subscutellattis. 


i.    TRAMETES  NIVOSA  (Berk.)  Murrill 

Pileus  dimidiate,  conchate  or  applanate,  2-3  X  3-5  X  i  cm.; 
surface  smooth,  azonate,  glabrous,  snow-white,  pale-isabelline  in 
dried  specimens;  margin  thin,  concolorous,  entire;  context  soft, 
punky-corky,  white,  5  mm.  thick;  tubes  2-4  mm.  long,  slender, 
white  to  pallid  within,  mouths  circular,  5  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin, 
firm,  entire,  glistening,  white  to  slightly  discolored. 

Frequent  on  dead  wood  in  the  West  Indies,  as  well  as  in  South 
America. 


28  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

2.    TRAMETES  JAMAICENSIS  Murrill 

Pileus  laterally  connate,  effused-reflexed,  the  reflexed  portion 
triangular  in  section,  convex  above,  concave  below,  corky,  rigid, 
1-1.5  X  2-5  X  0.5-0.8  cm.;  surface  slightly  uneven,  finely 
tomentose,  becoming  nearly  glabrous,  whitish  to  discolored, 
opaque,  anoderm,  azonate;  margin  subobtuse,  entire,  fertile, 
concolorous;  context  soft-corky,  white,  2-3  mm.  thick;  tubes 
2-5  mm.  long,  rather  slender,  white  within,  mouths  about  4  to 
a  mm.,  slightly  angular,  glistening,  edges  thin,  entire,  rigid, 
white  to  slightly  discolored. 

Collected  once  near  Blue  Hole,  Jamaica,  on  dead  wood. 

3.    TRAMETES  CUBENSIS  (Mont.)  Sacc. 

Pileus  large,  applanate,  dimidiate,  corky,  rigid  or  subrigid, 
comparatively  thin,  5-10  X  10-20  X  0.5-1.5  cm.;  surface  pellic- 
ulose,  finely  tomentose  to  glabrous,  slightly  concentrically  zoned 
or  furrowed,  white  to  isabelline,  latericeous  or  bay  behind  or  in 
blotches,  or  rarely  over  the  whole  surface;  margin  thin,  obtuse, 
sterile,  white,  entire  or  undulate;  context  soft,  punky,  white  to 
slightly  yellowish,  3-10  mm.  thick;  tubes  2-5  mm.  long,  slender, 
firm,  corky,  mouths  very  even,  regular,  circular,  4  to  a  mm.,  edges 
thick,  entire,  white  to  ochraceous. 

Common  throughout  on  dead  logs. 

4.    TRAMETES  SUBMURINA  Murrill 

Pileus  broadly  effused,  reflexed,  imbricate,  dimidiate,  laterally 
connate,  1-2.5  X  3-5  X  0.5-1.5  cm.;  surface  rough,  finely 
tomentose,  murinous,  sometimes  almost  white;  margin  rather 
thick,  undulate,  pallid;  context  white,  zonate,  fibrous-corky, 
firm,  5-8  mm.  thick;  tubes  1-2  mm.  long,  white  to  slightly 
yellowish  within,  mouths  circular,  quite  regular,  4-5  to  a  mm., 
edges  rather  thick,  entire,  becoming  thinner  and  slightly  dentate, 
white  to  discolored. 

Frequent  on  old  logs  in  Jamaica  and  Cuba  and  occasional  in 
St.  John  and  western  Mexico. 

5.    TRAMETES  HAVANNENSIS  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill 

Pileus  simple  or  subimbricate,  dimidiate,  convex  above,  plane 
or  concave  below,  sessile  or  umbonate-sessile,  2-3  X  4-5  X  0.5-1 
cm.;  surface  zonate,  smooth,  sometimes  sulcate,  finely  pubescent 
to  glabrous,  ochraceous  to  subfulvous;  margin  sterile,  pubescent, 
pallid,  acute  but  rather  thick;  context  firm,  corky,  white,  3-8 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  29 

mm.  thick;  tubes  slender,  3-5  mm.  long,  white  within,  mouths 
circular,  4-5  to  a  mm.,  edges  thick,  white,  entire,  becoming 
thinner,  glistening  and  subfulvous. 

Occasional  on  dead  wood  in  the  West  Indies. 

6.    TRAMETES  LIGNEA  Murrill 

Pileus  ungulate,  dimidiate,  sessile,  somewhat  laterally  connate, 
slightly  decurrent,  3X6X3  cm.;  surface  smooth,  azonate, 
glabrous,  white  to  isabelline;  margin  thick,  obtuse,  entire,  con- 
colorous;  context  woody,  white,  2.5  cm.  thick;  tubes  5  mm.  long, 
white  within,  mouths  angular,  irregular,  averaging  3  to  a  mm., 
edges  rather  thin,  entire,  white  to  slightly  discolored. 

Found  once  on  dead  timber  in  Nicaragua. 

7.    TRAMETES  RUTILANTIFORMIS  Murrill 

Pileus  thick,  subtriangular  in  section,  convex  above  and  below, 
firm  but  of  very  light  weight,  dimidiate,  rather  broadly  attached, 
3X4X1  cm.;  surface  glabrous,  slightly  sulcate,  uneven,  with 
thin  cuticle,  fulvous  tinged  with  chestnut,  margin  acute,  entire, 
glabrous,  ochraceous;  context  soft-corky,  2-3  mm.  thick,  ochra- 
ceous;  tubes  long,  slender,  ochraceous  within,  3-10  mm.  long, 
mouths  subcircular,  4-5  to  a  mm.,  edges  somewhat  glistening, 
white  or  whitish,  thin,  entire,  corky;  spores  oblong-ellipsoid, 
4-5  X  1.5-2  M. 

Collected  once  on  dead  wood  in  British  Honduras. 

8.    TRAMETES  JALAPENSIS  Murrill 

Pileus  of  medium  size,  dimidiate  to  flabelliform,  sessile,  corky, 
scarcely  flexible,  imbricate,  2-4  X  3-7  X  0.5-1  cm. ;  surface  pel- 
liculose,  glabrous,  azonate,  smooth,  avellaneous  to  blackish-avel- 
laneous,  margin  acute  or  slightly  obtuse,  sterile,  entire,  concolor- 
ous;  context  punky,  homogeneous,  white  with  a  faint  yellowish  or 
rosy  tint,  3-7  mm.  thick;  tubes  2  mm.  long,  rigid,  corky  to  woody, 
discolored-whitish  within,  mouths  circular,  2-3  to  a  mm.,  edges 
rather  thick,  entire  or  slightly  dentate,  pale-umbrinous. 

Collected  once  on  a  railway  tie  near  Jalapa,  Mexico. 

9.    TRAMETES  SUBSCUTELLATUS  Murrill 

Pileus  tough  to  rigid,  concave  below,  convex  above,  vertically 

attached,  circular  in  outline,  I  cm.  broad,  2  mm.  thick;  surface 

nearly  smooth,  with  a  thin  pellicle,  ochraceous  except  at  the 

vertex,  where  it  is  latericeous  to  castaneous;  margin  subobtuse  or 

3 


30  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

acute,  deflexed,  white,  entire;  context  white,  firm,  fibrous, 
homogeneous;  tubes  I  mm.  long,  stramineous  within  and  without, 
mouths  regular,  4-5  to  a  mm.,  circular  to  slightly  angular, 
glistening,  edges  obtuse,  entire. 

Collected  once  between  Moneague  and  Union  Hill,  Jamaica, 
on  dead  wood. 

10.    EARLIELLA  Murrill 

Hymenophore  medium  to  large,  annual,  epixylous,  semi- 
resupinate,  thin  and  dry  but  rigid ;  surface  jpelliculose,  glabrous, 
zonate,  more  or  less  reddish-brown  in  color;  context  white, 
coriaceous,  zonate;  hymenium  flesh-colored,  tubes  medium, 
irregular,  becoming  thin-walled;  spores  smooth,  hyaline. 

i.    EARLIELLA  CORRUGATA  (Pers.)  Murrill 

Pileus  annual,  often  reviving,  semiresupinate,  laterally  ex- 
tended, conchate,  imbricate,  3-6  X  5-15  X  0.2-0.5  cm.;  surface 
thinly  encrusted,  glabrous,  rugose,  dark-reddish-brown  behind, 
or  with  a  white  marginal  band  3-12  mm.  in  width;  margin 
tumid,  at  length  thin,  undulate  or  lobed,  fertile;  context  con- 
centrically zonate;  tubes  2-3  mm.  long,  2-4  to  a  mm.,  white 
within,  the  mouths  reddish-flesh-colored  fading  to  white,  dissepi- 
ments at  first  thick,  at  length  becoming  thin  and  irregular  with 
wavy  edges;  spores  ellipsoid,  3-4  X  5-6  /*. 

Common  throughout  on  dead  hardwood  trunks. 

ii.     RIGIDOPORUS  Murrill 

Hymenophore  annual,  at  times  reviving,  epixylous,  sessile, 
dimidiate  to  circular,  simple  or  imbricate;  surface  pelliculose, 
multizonate,  margin  thin,  incurved  when  dry;  context  thin, 
white,  fleshy-corky,  very  rigid  when  dry;  tubes  minute,  regular, 
light-colored,  mouths  usually  pruinose  when  young;  spores 
smooth,  hyaline. 

Pileus  effused,  very  narrowly  reflexed.  i.  R.  microstomus. 

Pileus  circular,  fixed  at  the  center.  2.  R.  evolutus. 

Pileus  normally  expanded,  dimidiate  or  fan-shaped,  sometimes 

decurrent. 
Tubes  very  short,  0.5-1.5  mm.  long. 

Pileus  latericeous  to  bay  with  isabelline  lines;  tubes  6-7 

to  a  mm.  3.  R.  substereinus. 

Pileus  bay  to  blackish;  tubes  10  to  a  mm.  4.  R.  Liebmanni. 

Tubes  rather  slender,  2-4  mm.  long. 

Edges  very  obtuse.  5-  R-  contraries. 

Edges  thin.  6.  R.  surinamensis . 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  31 

i.     RIGIDOPORUS  MICROSTOMUS  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill 

Pileus  effused,  laterally  connate,  very  shortly  reflexed,  1-4  X 
1-1.5  X  0.2-0.4  cm-»  tne  reflexed  portion  very  narrow,  laterice- 
ous,  finely  pubescent  to  glabrous,  faintly  zonate,  with  a  thin, 
undulate  or  slightly  lobed,  yellowish-white  margin;  context  very 
thin,  white,  fibrous;  tubes  long  and  slender,  2-3  mm.,  white 
within,  mouths  minute,  7  to  a  mm.,  ochraceous  or  flesh-colored, 
edges  obtuse,  entire. 

Found  once  on  dead  wood  in  Cuba. 

2.     RIGIDOPORUS  EVOLUTUS  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill 

Pileus  fleshy-tough,  circular  to  flabelliform,  1-2.5  cm-  broad, 
1-2  mm.  thick;  surface  radiate-rugose,  tomentose  to  resinous- 
glabrous,  latericeous  with  ochraceous  blotches,  black  behind; 
margin  thin,  acute,  undulate  to  slightly  lobed,  ochraceous; 
context  very  thin,  pallid,  fibrous;  tubes  pallid,  1-1.5  rnm.  long, 
mouths  minute,  7  to  a  mm.,  subcircular,  edges  white  to  yellowish- 
discolored,  thin,  dentate. 

Found  once  on  dead  trees  in  Cuba,  and  once  on  dead  wood  in 
the  mountains  of  Porto  Rico. 

3.    RIGIDOPORUS  SUBSTEREINUS  Murrill 

Pileus  thin,  coriaceous,  inflexed  when  dry,  dimidiate,  attached 
by  a  narrow  base,  applanate,  1-3  X  i-5~5  X  0.1-0.2  cm.;  surface- 
smooth,  shining,  glabrous,  conspicuously  zonate,  radiate-rugose,, 
latericeous  to  bay  with  isabelline  lines,  much  resembling  SL 
Stereum;  margin  very  thin,  smooth,  cremeous,  broadly  sterile 
below,  sharply  inflexed  on  drying;  context  exceedingly  thin, 
white,  fibrous;  tubes  minute,  0.5-1.5  mm.  long,  white  to  pallid 
within,  mouths  very  even,  regular,  angular,  inconspicuous,  6-7 
to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  entire,  whitish-pruinose  to  ochraceous  or 
pale-flesh-colored . 

Occasional  on  dead  sticks  in  woods  in  Cuba,  British  Honduras, 
and  eastern  Mexico. 

4.     RIGIDOPORUS  LIEBMANNI  (Fries)  Murrill 

Pileus  fleshy  to  woody,  thin,  flabelliform  or  obovate,  convex, 
1.5-2  X  2-3  X  0.2-0.4  cm.;  surface  glabrous,  bay  or  blackish, 
often  rugose  behind;  margin  thin,  entire,  pallid,  sterile,  inflexed 
when  dry;  context  very  thin,  white,  fibrous,  brown  and  very 
fragile  in  type  specimens;  tubes  slender,  1-1.5  mm.  long,  white 
to  pallid  within,  mouths  whitish-pruinose  to  yellowish-brown, 


32  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

subcircular,  inconspicuous,  even,  regular,   10  to  a  mm.,  edges 
thin,  entire;  spores  ovoid. 

Frequent  to  common  on  dead  wood  in  Mexico,  Cuba,  and 
Porto  Rico. 

5.     RIGIDOPORUS  CONTRARIUS  (Cooke)  Murrill 

Pileus  attached  by  the  vertex,  subcircular  to  dimidiate, 
applanate,  fleshy-corky,  3-6  X  5-1 1  X  0.3-0.5  cm. ;  surface  ochra- 
ceous,  soon  becoming  brown,  zonate,  tomentose,  at  length 
glabrous,  slightly  concentrically  sulcate;  margin  thin,  entire  or 
undulate,  sterile,  ochraceous,  easily  bruised;  context  thin, 
fibrous-corky,  pallid,  1-3  mm.  thick;  tubes  pallid,  2-4  mm.  long, 
mouths  circular,  regular,  white  to  discolored,  5  to  a  mm.,  edges 
very  obtuse,  entire,  glistening. 

Found  a  few  times  on  dead  trunks  in  Cuba. 

6.    RIGIDOPORUS  SURINAMENSIS  (Miq.)  Murrill 

Pileus  imbricate-multiplex,  laterally  connate,  dimidiate  or 
reniform,  fleshy-corky,  convex  or  applanate,  2-3  X  2.5-5  X  0.3- 
O.6  cm.;  surface  smooth  or  rugulose,  pruinose  to  glabrous, 
isabelline  to  latericeous;  margin  acute,  thin,  inflexed,  entire  or 
undulate,  often  obtuse  with  age;  context  very  thin,  white, 
fibrous,  1-2  mm.  thick;  tubes  white,  2-4  mm.  long,  slender, 
mouths  minute,  circular  to  angular,  regular,  even,  6  to  a  mm., 
edges  thin,  entire,  white  to  pallid,  becoming  discolored  with 
age;  spores  globose,  3-4.5  n. 

Common  throughout  on  water-soaked  hardwood  trunks. 

12.     PORODISCULUS   Murrill 

Hymenophore  small,  annual,  tough,  epixylous,  erumpent  from 
the  lenticels  of  dead  branches;  stipe  attached  to  the  vertex  of 
the  pileus,  usually  curved  at  maturity;  context  white,  fibrous; 
tubes  cylindric,  short,  one-layered,  mouths  constricted;  spores 
globose,  smooth,  hyaline. 

i.    PORODISCULUS  PENDULUS  (Schw.)  Murrill 

Pileus  very  small,  turbinate-cup-shaped,  attached  at  the 
vertex,  soon  decurved  and  pendant,  gregarious,  erumpent  from 
the  lenticels  of  dead  branches,  1-2  mm.  broad,  3-5  mm.  long; 
surface  anoderm,  azonate,  smooth,  umbrinous,  uniformly  covered 
with  a  brown  powder,  often  ashy- white  with  age ;  margin  inflexed, 
concolorous,  sterile ;  context  white,  fibrous,  very  thin ;  tubes  very 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES 


33 


short,  annual,  white  within,  mouths  circular,  constricted,  white, 
pruinose,  becoming  concolorous,  6-7  to  a  mm.,  edges  entire; 
spores  globose,  4  n;  stipe  2  mm.  or  less  in  length,  vertically 
attached,  gradually  expanding  into  the  pileus,  which  it  resembles 
in  surface  and  context. 
Found  in  Nicaragua. 

13.     HEXAGONA  Pollini 

Hymenophore  small,  annual,  epixylous,  flabelliform  to  reni- 
form,  rarely  circular,  stipitate,  the  stipe  sometimes  much  reduced; 
surface  smooth  or  tessellate,  margin  thin;  context  thin,  white, 
fibrous,  fleshy  to  tough,  usually  fragile  when  dry;  hymenium  of 
radiating  rows  of  large,  thin-walled,  hexagonal  tubes,  usually 
radially  elongate;  spores  smooth,  hyaline. 

Tubes  unequally  hexagonal,  the  radial  walls  longer. 
Pileus  white  or  nearly  so. 

Surface  of  pileus  not  distinctly  tomentose. 
Stipe  5-10  mm.  in  diameter. 

Tubes  I  mm.  in  length.  I.  H.  princeps. 

Tubes  3-6  mm.  in  length.  2.  H.  pseudoprincefs. 

Stipe  1-3  mm.  in  diameter. 

Pileus  less  than  3  cm.  broad. 

Tubes  flesh-colored,  2  mm.  wide.  3.  H.  Maxoni. 

Tubes  pallid,  i  mm.  wide.  4-  H.  floridana. 

Pileus  more  than  3  cm.  broad. 
Margin  entire,  often  pellucid. 

Tubes  1-2.5  mm.  wide.  5.  H.  daeddlea. 

Tubes  much  smaller,  only  0.5  mm. 

wide.  6.  H.  daedaleiformis. 

Margin  ciliate  or  denticulate. 

Surface  minutely  checkered.  7.  H.  tessellalula. 

Surface  not  checkered.  8.  H.  fragilis. 

Surface  of  pileus  distinctly  tomentose. 

Context  thin,  translucent.  9-  H .  reniformis. 

Context  thick,  opaque. 

Surface  tessellate;  stipe  distinct.  10.  H.  subcaperata. 

Surf  ace  not  tessellate;  stipe  a  mere  tubercle,     n.  H.caperata. 
Pileus  sulfur-colored  throughout.  12.  H.  sulfur ea. 

Pileus  pale-avellaneous-isabelline,  becoming  bay  on 

drying.  13.  H.  motzorongensis. 

Pileus  purple  or  brown. 

Pileus  purple  or  purplish-brown;  stipe  lateral  or 

eccentric. 
Pileus  subcircular;  stipe  eccentric;   tubes  2.5 

mm.  long.  14.  H.  subpurpurascens. 

Pileus  spatulate;  stipe  lateral;  tubes  1.5  mm. 

long.  15.  H.  purpurascens. 


34  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

Pileus  brown;  stipe  distinctly  central. 

Margin  entire.  16.  H.  portoricensis. 

Margin  ciliate.  17.  H.  hondurensis. 

Tubes  equally  hexagonal. 

Pileus  purple.  18.  H.  indurata. 

Pileus  yellow  or  brown. 

Tubes  merulioid.  19.  H.  brunneola, 

Tubes  of  normal  length.  20.  H.  cucullata. 

i.     HEXAGONA  PRINCEPS  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill 

Pileus  reniform,  convex,  9  X  6  X  0.4-0.6  cm. ;  surface  fulvous, 
finely  tomentose,  smooth;  margin  thin,  entire  or  undulate,  in- 
flexed  when  dry;  context  fleshy- tough,  white,  opaque;  tubes 
decurrent,  fuscous  when  dry,  I  mm.  long,  4-6-angled,  mouths 
I  X  1-5  mm.,  edges  thin,  dentate;  spores  ellipsoid;  stipe  lateral, 
tapering  downward,  fulvous,  velvety,  3  cm.  long,  1-5  cm.  thick. 

Found  once  on  dead  wood  in  Cuba  and  once  in  Costa  Rica. 

2.    HEXAGONA  PSEUDOPRINCEPS  Murrill 

Pileus  reniform,  convex,  depressed  behind,  3.5  X  4-5  X  0.5-1 
cm.;  surface  glabrous,  delicately  radiate-striate,  discolored  on 
drying;  margin  thick,  entire,  strongly  inflexed  when  dry;  context 
fleshy-tough,  white,  opaque;  tubes  decurrent,  white,  discolored 
on  drying,  3-6  mm.  long,  4-6-angled,  mouths  1X2  mm.,  some- 
times confluent  in  age,  edges  thin,  entire  or  slightly  toothed; 
spores  ellipsoid;  stipe  eccentric  to  lateral,  concolorous,  glabrous 
or  slightly  hispid,  5  mm.  long,  7  mm.  thick. 

Found  once  on  dead  wood  at  Carmelita,  Porto  Rico. 

3.     HEXAGONA  MAXONI  Murrill 

Pileus  irregularly  reniform,  applanate,  1-2  X  1.5-3  X  o.i  cm.; 
surface  glabrous,  tessellate,  straw-colored  on  drying;  margin  thin, 
denticulate,  undulate  to  lobed;  context  fleshy-tough,  membra- 
nous, white,  opaque;  tubes  slightly  decurrent,  darker  than  the 
pileus,  with  a  tinge  of  flesh-color,  0.5-1.5  mm.  long,  4-6-angled, 
mouths  1.5  X  2-3  mm.,  smaller  near  the  margin,  edges  thin, 
entire  or  undulate;  spores  ellipsoid;  stipe  lateral,  tapering,  con- 
colorous, glabrous,  2-3  mm.  long,  1-2  mm.  thick,  not  umbilicate 
above. 

Found  once  on  dead  wood  in  Guatemala. 

4.    HEXAGONA  FLORIDANA  Murrill 

Pileus  flabelliform,  applanate,  depressed  behind,  2  X  2.5-3  X 
0.2  cm.;  surface  finely  hispid,  pure-white,  becoming  straw-colored 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  35 

on  drying,  faintly  radiate-striate ;  margin  slightly  undulate,  tes- 
sellate  at  times,  fringed  with  numerous  slender  cilia;  context  very 
thin,  white,  membranous,  wholly  translucent;  tubes  decurrent, 
white,  becoming  ochraceous,  1 .5-2  mm.  long,  normally  hexagonal, 
mouths  0.5-1  X  2-3  mm.,  not  radially  confluent,  edges  thin, 
fimbriate;  spores  ellipsoid,  9X4ju;stipe  lateral,  subequal, 
scutate  at  the  base,  concolorous,  hispid,  2-5  mm.  long,  1-2  mm. 
thick,  always  umbilicate  above. 

Found  on  old  logs  in  rich  woods  at  Miami,  Florida. 

5.  HEXAGONA  DAEDALEA  (Link)  Murrill 

Pileus  spatulate-obovate  to  reniform,  applanate,  usually 
attenuate  behind,  4-8  X  2-6  X  0.1-0.3  cm.;  surface  white  when 
fresh,  radiate-striate,  finely  tomentose  to  glabrous,  hispid  behind, 
tessellate  near  the  margin,  which  is  thin,  often  pellucid,  undulate, 
at  times  fimbriate,  lobed  or  fissured  with  age;  context  fleshy, 
fragile  when  dry,  white,  often  partially  translucent;  tubes 
decurrent,  concolorous,  1-2  mm.  long,  4-6-angled,  mouths  very 
variable  in  size,  1-2.5  X  3-7  mm.,  smaller  near  the  margin, 
edges  thin,  but  apparently  firm,  at  length  splitting  into  irregular 
teeth;  spores  ellipsoid,  9-12  X  4-5  ju;  stipe  lateral,  concolorous, 
hispid-tomentose,  0.5-1  cm.  long,  2-5  mm.  thick,  usually  dilated 
at  the  base. 

Common  on  dead  wood  throughout. 

6.  HEXAGONA  DAEDALEIFORMIS  Murrill 

Pileus  fan-shaped  to  reniform,  sometimes  slightly  attenuate 
behind,  subapplanate,  plane  or  concave  below,  long-stipitate,  2-3 
X  3-4  X  0.1-0.2  cm.;  surface  pallid,  pale-fulvous  when  dry, 
radiate-striate  and  finely  areolate  over  most  of  the  surface,  mi- 
nutely hispid;  margin  entire  or  undulate,  thin,  concolorous,  in- 
flexed  on  drying;  context  thin,  white,  fibrous;  tubes  pallid  within, 
scarcely  over  I  mm.  deep,  decurrent;  mouths  regular,  pallid  to 
isabelline,  somewhat  glistening,  small,  0.5  mm.  wide,  I  mm.  or 
more  long;  edges  very  thin,  soon  becoming  fimbriate;  stipe 
lateral,  concolorous  or  paler,  glabrous,  1.5-2  cm.  long,  2-3  mm. 
thick  at  the  base,  increasing  to  5  or  6  mm.  above,  furrowed  on 
the  back,  subcylindric  below. 

Collected  once  on  dead  wood  in  Mexico. 

7.    HEXAGONA  TESSELLATULA  Murrill 

Pileus  flabelliform,  convex,  depressed  behind,  1-3  X  2-4  X  O.2 
cm.;  surface  delicately  and  closely  tessellate,  finely  hispid,  becom- 


36  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

ing  glabrous,  white,  yellowish  when  dry;  margin  thin,  denticu- 
late, slightly  incurved  when  dry,  frequently  brown  and  hygro- 
phanous;  context  white,  membranous,  translucent;  tubes  de- 
current,  white,  2  mm.  long,  4-6-angled,  mouths  1X3  mm.,  at 
length  radially  confluent,  edges  thin,  lacerate;  spores  ellipsoid, 
2-guttulate,  3  X  lOju;  stipe  lateral,  short,  slightly  enlarged 
below,  concolorous,  hispid,  3-5  mm.  long,  2-3  mm.  thick,  usually 
umbilicate  above. 

Found  a  few  times  on  dead  wood  in  Cuba,  Santo  Domingo, 
and  Jamaica. 

8.    HEXAGONA  FRAGILIS  Murrill 

Pileus  flabelliform,  convex,  depressed  behind,  2-3  X  2-4  X 
0.1-0.3  cm.;  surface  densely  hispid,  especially  behind,  faintly 
radiate-striate,  pure-white,  becoming  straw-colored  on  drying; 
margin  quite  thick  for  the  genus,  nearly  regular  in  outline, 
usually  inflexed  when  dry,  partly  hygrophanous  at  times,  beset 
with  short,  fimbriate,  fugacious  hairs;  context  thin,  white, 
partially  translucent,  quite  fragile  when  dry;  tubes  decurrent, 
white,  2-3  mm.  long,  4-6-angled,  mouths  1X4  mm.,  becoming 
radially  confluent  and  gill-like,  edges  thin,  lacerate,  the  divisions 
fimbriate;  spores  ellipsoid,  4-5  X  10 /r,  stipe  lateral,  subequal, 
concolorous,  hispid,  short,  5  mm.  long,  2.5  mm.  thick,  rarely 
umbilicate  above. 

Frequent  on  dead  wood  in  Cuba,  Jamaica,  and  Grenada. 

9.    HEXAGONA  RENIFORMIS  Murrill 

Pileus  reniform,  slightly  convex,  2-4  X  2-4.5  X  0.2-0.4  cm.; 
surface  densely  tomentose,  tessellate  near  the  margin,  pallid, 
yellowish -brown  on  drying;  margin  undulate,  rather  thick, 
entire;  context  fleshy-tough,  membranous,  white,  partially  trans- 
lucent; tubes  not  decurrent,  white,  becoming  yellowish-brown 
on  drying,  1-2  mm.  long,  4-6-angled,  mouths  1.5  X  2-2.5  mm., 
edges  entire;  spores  ellipsoid;  stipe  lateral,  equal,  concolorous 
or  lighter,  tomentose,  0.5-1  cm.  long,  2.5-5  rnm.  thick,  not 
umbilicate  above. 

Collected  once  on  decayed  deciduous  wood  in  hammocks  near 
the  Homestead  Trail,  Florida,  and  four  times  at  Motzorongo, 
Mexico. 

10.    HEXAGONA  SUBCAPERATA  Murrill 

Pileus  flabelliform,  convex,  somewhat  attenuate  and  depressed 
behind,  4-6  X  5-8  X  0.3-0.5  cm.;  surface  distinctly  tomentose, 
pale-ochraceous,  rather  coarsely  checkered;  margin  abruptly  acute, 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  37 

entire,  often  brownish  and  much  deflexed  when  dry;  context 
white,  thin,  opaque;  tubes  decurrent,  white  when  fresh,  dis- 
colored on  drying,  3-4  mm.  long,  mouths  large  and  angular, 
1-1.5  X  2-2.5  mm.,  often  radially  confluent  with  age,  much 
contorted  on  drying,  edges  thin,  lacerate,  the  divisions  fimbriate; 
spores  ellipsoid;  stipe  lateral,  slightly  tapering  downward,  lighter 
than  the  pileus  in  dried  specimens,  minutely  tomentose,  I  cm. 
long,  5  mm.  thick,  neither  umbilicate  above  nor  scutate  below. 
Found  a  few  times  on  dead  logs  in  Jamaica  and  western  Cuba. 

u.    HEXAGONA  CAPERATA  (Pat.)  Murrill 

Pileus  convex,  attenuate  behind;  surface  striate,  pallid  to 
reddish-brown,  with  a  conspicuous  covering  of  short,  grayish 
hairs,  which  partly  disappear  with  age;  margin  more  or  less 
incised  or  lobed,  deflexed,  neither  ciliate  nor  tessellate;  context 
fleshy,  white;  tubes  deep,  white,  angular,  with  large,  soft,  fleshy, 
fimbriate  dissepiments;  spores  ovoid-cylindric,  10-12  X  5  /*;  stipe 
wanting,  or  a  mere  rounded  lateral  tubercle. 

Found  once  in  Guadeloupe  on  a  dead  trunk  of  Byrsonima. 

12.    HEXAGONA  SULFUREA  Murrill 

Pileus  sulfureous  throughout,  sessile  or  attached  by  a  much 
reduced  stipe,  very  irregular,  usually  fan-shaped,  conchate,  I  X 
I  X  O.I  cm.;  surface  smooth,  glabrous,  margin  lobed  and  usually 
splitting  deeply  with  age,  much  inflexed  on  drying;  context  thin, 
white,  fibrous,  fragile  when  dry;  tubes  shallow,  angular,  elongate, 
about  0.5-1  mm.  broad,  1-2  mm.  long,  edges  rather  thick,  entire 
or  dentate. 

Collected  once  on  dead  wood  in  a  moist  virgin  forest  at 
Motzorongo,  near  Cordoba,  Mexico. 

13.    HEXAGONA  MOTZORONGENSIS  Murrill 

Pileus  minute,  thin,  dimidiate,  depressed  above,  convex  below, 
attenuate  behind,  2  cm.  broad;  surface  pale-avellaneous-isabel- 
line,  becoming  bay  on  drying,  tessellate,  minutely  hispid- 
fibrillose;  context  thin,  white,  fragile;  tubes  white,  of  medium 
size  for  the  genus,  1-2  mm.  long,  angular;  edges  thin,  fimbriate, 
lacerate  with  age;  stipe  reduced,  furrowed  above,  hispid- 
tomentose,  pallid,  1-2  mm.  long,  I  mm.  thick. 

Collected  twice  on  dead  wood  in  a  moist  virgin  forest  at 
Motzorongo,  near  Cordoba,  Mexico. 


58567 


38  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

14.    HEXAGONA  SUBPURPURASCENS  Murrill 

Pileus  subcircular,  convex,  depressed  at  the  center,  1-1.5  X 
1-1.5  X  0.1-0.2  cm.;  surface  reddish-brown  with  purple  areoles, 
subpruinose  to  glabrous;  margin  very  thin,  entire,  strongly 
inflexed  on  drying;  context  fleshy- tough,  membranous,  white, 
opaque;  tubes  decurrent,  white,  1-1.5  mm-  long,  4-6-angled, 
mouths  i  X  1.5  mm.,  edges  thin,  entire;  spores  ellipsoid;  stipe 
eccentric,  slightly  tapering,  white,  0.5-1  cm.  long,  1.5  mm.  thick. 

Found  once  on  dead  sticks  in  woods  at  Moore  Town,  Jamaica. 

15.     HEXAGONA  PURPURASCENS  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill 

Pileus  spatulate  to  flabelliform,  1.5-2.5  X  1-4  X  0.1-0.3  cm.; 
surface  lurid-purple,  glabrous;  margin  thin,  entire,  incurved  when 
dry;  context  fleshy- tough,  white,  opaque;  tubes  decurrent  to  the 
base  of  the  stipe,  lighter  than  the  pileus,  2  mm.  long,  4-6-angled, 
mouths  1—1.5  X  2-2.5  mm.,  edges  thin,  becoming  lacerate;  spores 
ellipsoid;  stipe  lateral,  equal,  more  or  less  hispid,  4  mm.  long, 
1-2  mm.  thick. 

Found  a  few  times  on  tree  trunks  in  Cuba. 

1 6.    HEXAGONA  PORTORICENSIS  Murrill 

Pileus  centrally  stipitate,  circular,  deeply  umbilicate,  4  X  0.3 
cm.;  surface  subglabrous,  umbrinous,  the  center  concolorous; 
margin  entire,  not  very  thin,  much  inflexed  when  dry;  context 
•white,  i  mm.  thick,  opaque;  tubes  somewhat  decurrent,  white, 
2  mm.  long,  4-6-angled,  mouths  1X3  mm.,  smaller  and  more 
regular  near  the  margin,  edges  thin,  fimbriatulate ;  spores  ellip- 
soid, 2-guttulate,  8-10  X  3-5  M;  stipe  central,  compressed, 
slightly  tapering  downward,  subconcolorous,  minutely  tomentose, 
2  cm.  long,  4  mm.  thick. 

Found  once  on  dead  wood  in  Porto  Rico. 

17.    HEXAGONA  HONDURENSIS  Murrill 

Pileus  centrally  stipitate,  circular,  slightly  umbilicate,  2-4  X 
0.05  cm.;  surface  faintly  radiate-striate,  subglabrous,  fulvous, 
the  center  fuliginous;  margin  thin,  regular,  tessellate,  inflexed 
when  dry,  fringed  with  numerous  short,  fugacious  cilia;  context 
white,  fibrous,  0.25  mm.  thick,  translucent  near  the  margin; 
tubes  adnate,  white,  0.3  mm.  long,  hexagonal,  radially  elongate, 
mouths  1X2  mm.,  much  smaller  near  the  margin,  edges  thin, 
subentire;  spores  ellipsoid,  9  X  3-5  Ml  stipe  central,  equal,  con- 
colorous, pruinose  to  glabrous,  2-3  cm.  long,  2  mm.  thick. 

Found  once  on  dead  logs  near  the  coast  in  Honduras. 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  39 

18.     HEXAGONA  INDURATA  (Berk.)  Murrill 

Pileus  reniform,  slightly  convex,  attached  by  the  vertex, 
2.5  X  3  X  0.2-0.3  cm.;  surface  liver-colored,  glabrous,  usually 
tessellate;  margin  rather  thick,  entire;  context  fleshy-tough, 
white,  opaque;  tubes  lighter  than  the  pileus,  subhexagonal, 
1-1.5  mm.  long,  mouths  I  mm.  or  less  in  diameter,  edges  entire 
to  toothed;  spores  ellipsoid. 

Found  once  on  dead  wood  in  Santo  Domingo. 

19.     HEXAGONA  BRUNNEOLA  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill 

Pileus  flabelliform,  wedge-shaped  behind,  2.5  X  2.5  X  0.1-0.2 
cm.;  surface  brown,  glabrous,  rugulose  when  dry;  margin  thin, 
undulate  or  lobed;  context  membranous,  white,  opaque;  tubes 
discolored,  very  short,  much  less  than  a  mm.,  subhexagonal, 
mouths  i  mm.  in  diameter,  edges  entire;  spores  ellipsoid;  stipe 
spurious  or  a  mere  lateral  disk. 

Found  once  on  dead  wood  in  Cuba. 

20.    HEXAGONA  CUCULLATA  (Mont.)  Murrill 

Pileus  reniform,  convex,  umbonate-sessile,  3-6  X  6-8  X  0.2 
cm.;  surface  glabrous,  often  radiate-striate,  cream-colored  to 
ochraceous,  plane  or  marked  with  two  or  three  broad  undu- 
lations from  center  to  margin,  which  is  thin,  entire,  irregularly 
undulate  or  lobed  and  deflexed  when  dry;  context  fleshy-tough, 
white,  0.5  mm.  thick;  tubes  ochraceous  to  dark-fulvous,  hexag- 
onal, not  radially  elongate,  very  variable  in  size,  1.5-3.5  mm. 
long,  1-3  mm.  wide,  edges  thin,  finely  denticulate;  spores  ellip- 
soid, 14  X  7  Ml  stipe  a  mere  scutate  disk  nearly  a  centimeter  in 
breadth. 

Frequent  on  dead  wood  throughout  most  of  the  region. 

14,    MICROPORELLUS  Murrill 

Hymenophore  thin,  annual,  epixylous,  usually  flabelliform, 
stipitate,  the  stipe  variously  attached  and  sometimes  much 
reduced;  surface  anoderm,  multizonate;  context  thin,  white, 
fibrous,  rigid  and  fragile  when  dry;  tubes  very  minute,  regular, 
thin- walled,  fragile  when  dry;  spores  smooth,  hyaline. 

Pileus  white  or  pale-brown,  unchanging. 

Tubes  entire.  i.  M.  dealbatus. 

Tubes  lacerate.  2.  M.  unguicularis. 
Pileus  ochraceous  or  sordid,  becoming  bay  or  black  with  age 
or  on  drying. 

Pileus  ochraceous,  becoming  bay.  3.  M .  porphyritis. 

Pileus  sordid,  becoming  black.  4.  M.  holotephrus. 


4O  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

I.     MICROPORELLUS  DEALBATUS  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill 

Pileus  thin,  coriaceous,  slightly  flexible  but  easily  broken, 
flabelliform  or  spatulate,  conchate,  2-6  X  3-7  X  0.1-0.2  cm.; 
surface  finely  tomentose  to  glabrous,  hirtose  behind,  radiate- 
striate,  dealbate,  the  zones  often  light-fulvous;  margin  very 
thin,  sterile,  sericeous,  undulate  to  lobed  or  cleft,  inflexed  and 
often  splitting  when  dry;  tubes  white  to  isabelline  within, 
scarcely  a  mm.  in  length,  mouths  minute,  angular,  8-10  to  a 
mm.,  edges  thin,  entire,  glistening,  whitish  when  young,  be- 
coming discolored;  stipe  variable,  often  wanting,  0-7  cm.  long, 
2-7  mm.  thick,  scutate  at  the  base,  expanding  into  the  pileus, 
laterally  attached,  rarely  eccentric,  usually  compressed,  with 
surface  and  substance  resembling  that  of  the  pileus. 

Common  throughout  on  dead  wood.  The  form  originally 
described  as  P.  mutabilis  is  by  far  the  most  common. 

2.     MICROPORELLUS  UNGUICULARIS  (Fries)  Murrill 

Pileus  thin,  coriaceous,  reniform  or  flabelliform,  attached  by 
an  attenuate  base,  2-3  cm.  broad,  1-3  mm.  thick;  surface 
uniformly  ochroleucous,  very  smooth,  concentrically  striate, 
radiate-lineate;  margin  acute,  incurved  when  dry;  context  very 
thin,  less  than  I  mm.,  fibrous,  somewhat  fragile,  watery-white; 
tubes  0.5-1  mm.  long,  pallid  to  yellowish,  mouths  irregular, 
angular,  2-4  to  a  mm.,  edges  white  to  pallid,  thin,  fimbriate- 
dentate,  at  length  lacerate. 

Found  once  on  dead  trunks  in  Mexico. 

3.     MICROPORELLUS  PORPHYRITIS  (Berk.)  Murrill 

Pileus  thin,  coriaceous,  flabelliform,  4-5  X  5-6  X  0.1-0.3  cm.; 
surface  pelliculose,  ochraceous  to  light-bay,  zonate,  glabrous; 
margin  thin,  ochraceous,  undulate;  context  fibrous-corky,  1-1.5 
mm.  thick,  pallid;  tubes  short,  less  than  I  mm.,  mouths  minute, 
5-6  to  a  mm.,  pallid  to  discolored,  very  regular,  subangular, 
edges  thin,  entire,  at  first  obtuse,  becoming  acute;  stipe  variable, 
short,  slightly  lighter  than  the  pileus,  5-10  mm.  long,  5-8  mm. 
thick,  resembling  the  pileus  in  surface  and  substance. 

Occasional  on  dead  wood  in  Cuba  and  western  Jamaica,  as 
well  as  in  Brazil. 

4.     MICROPORELLUS  HOLOTEPHRUS  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill 

Pileus  thin,  coriaceous,  fan-shaped,  attenuate  behind,  laterally 
attached,  2-5  X  2-6  X  o.i  cm.;  surface  conspicuously  scabrous, 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES 


tomentose,  zonate,  radiate-lineate,  brown,  tinged  with  wine- 
color,  becoming  very  blackish  and  opaque  in  type  specimens; 
margin  extremely  thin,  even  or  undulate;  context  tough,  fibrous, 
very  thin,  discolored  in  type  specimens;  tubes  extremely  short, 
angular,  8  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  entire,  white  to  discolored,  nearly 
black  in  type  specimens;  stipe  laterally  attached,  compressed, 
sometimes  wanting,  rarely  over  2  cm.  in  length  or  5  mm.  in 
breadth,  expanding  into  the  pileus,  which  it  resembles  in  surface 
and  substance. 

Occasional  on  dead  wood  in  Cuba;  also  reported  from  Guiana. 

15.     POLYPORUS   (Micheli)  Paulet 

Hymenophore  annual,  epixylous,  small  and  simple,  very  rarely 
large  and  compound;  stipe  central,  eccentric  or  lateral,  much 
reduced  at  times  in  a  few  species,  often  partly  or  wholly  brown 
or  black;  surface  usually  smooth,  the  margin  at  times  ciliate; 
context  white  or  yellowish,  fibrous,  tough  to  corky;  hymenium 
porose,  at  times  alveolate;  spores  smooth,  hyaline. 

Stipe  pallid  or  light-brown,  centrally  attached,  not  darker 

than  the  pileus. 
Margin  of  pileus  devoid  of  cilia. 

Pileus  beset,  especially  near  the  margin,  with  hydnoid 

processes.  i.  P.  hydniceps. 

Pileus  plainly  villose,  tomentose  or  scabrous,  often 

becoming  glabrous  with  age. 
Pileus   scabrous,    irregular,    umbrinous,    margin 
involute;  stipe  scabrous;  tubes  small,  4  to  a 
mm.,  dissepiments  dentate.  2.  P.  scabriceps. 

Pileus    villose  or    tomentose,  becoming    virgate 

from  the  rupture  of  the  cuticle.  3.  P.  virgatus. 

Pileus  minutely  tomentose  or  glabrous  from  the  first. 
Hymenophore  goblet-shaped;  pileus  less  than  3 
cm.  broad,  shallowly  depressed  at  the  center; 
stipe  long,  striate,  expanding  into  the  pileus.          4.  P.  Tuba. 
Hymenophore  trumpet-shaped;   pileus  5-10  cm. 
broad,    deeply   infundibuliform;    stipe   3    cm. 

long,  pallid,  puberulent.  5.  P.  cyathiformis. 

Hymenophore  not  as  above. 

Pileus  minute,  2  mm.  in  diameter,  umbilicate, 

margin  involute;  pores  alveolar.  6.  P.  Acicula. 

Pileus  large,  10  cm.  or  more  in  diameter.  7.  P.  discoideus. 

Pileus  of  medium  size,  2-3  cm.  in  diameter.         8.  P.  obolus. 
Margin  of  pileus  ornamented  with  cilia,  which  often 

disappear  with  age. 
Tubes  alveolar. 

Margin  of  pileus  finely  hispid,  broadly  sterile 

below.  p.  P.  aemulans. 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES 


Margin  of  pileus  strigose,  fertile  below.  10.  P.  arcularius. 

Tubes  not  alveolar. 

Tubes  very  irregular;  stipe  usually  thick  and 
polished;  pileus  tough,  umbilicate,  yellowish- 
white  with  brown  marginal  band;  cilia  short, 
fugacious.  ii.  P.  variiporus* 

Tubes  fairly  regular;  stipe  slender,  not  polished; 
plants  rather  delicate;  cilia  variable  in  form 
and  persistence. 

Pileus  opaque,  not  translucent,  1-4  cm.  in 
diameter;  cilia  long,  of  uncertain  duration; 
plants  mostly  cespitose.  12.  P.  Tricholoma. 

Pileus  very  thin,  more  or  less  translucent,  1-2 
cm.  in  diameter;  cilia  short,  slender,  fuga- 
cious; plants  not  cespitose.  13.  P.  Cowellii. 
Stipe  wholly  or  partly  black  or  fuliginous,  variously  at- 
tached, usually  darker  than  the  pileus. 
Pileus   finely   tomentose,   drab-colored,   with   reddish- 
brown  spots,  small,  circular;  tubes  rounded,  minute.     14.  P.  maculosus. 
Pileus  not  as  above. 

Tubes  reaching  0.5-1  mm.  or  more  in  diameter. 

Stipe  short,  less  than  i  cm.  long;  pileus  normal.      15.  P.  Wrightii. 
Stipe  usually  very  long,  1-15  cm.;  pileus  some- 
times aborted,  resembling  a  Xylaria.  16.  P.  marasmioides* 
Tubes  much  smaller,  4-10  to  a  mm. 

Surface  light-colored,  isabelline  to  pale-umbrinous. 
Stipe  central,  or  excentric;  species  confined  to 

temperate  regions.  17.  P.  elegans. 

Stipe   lateral;    species   confined    to    tropical 

regions.  18.  P.  subelegans. 

Surface  dark-colored,  bright-bay  to  almost  black. 
Stipe   central;    pileus   proliferous   at    times, 
surface  glabrous;  species  confined  to  tropic- 
al and  South  America.  19.  P.  diabolicus. 
Stipe  horizontal,  usually  lateral  or  excentric, 

rarely  central  in  temperate  species. 

Stipe  2-6  cm.  long;  pileus  glabrous,  pale-fuliginous.  20.  P.  Marbleae. 

Stipe  0.3-1  cm.  long;  pileus  bay  or  chestnut  to  blackish. 

Surface  glabrous.  21.  P.  Blanchetianus. 

Surface  marked  with  rows  of  serrated  black  squamules.     2^  P.  scdbellus. 
Stipe  obsolete;  pileus  latericeous,  spotted.  23.  P.  praeguttulatus* 

I.     POLYPORUS  HYDNICEPS  Berk.  &  Curt. 

Pileus  cup-shaped  or  irregularly  broken  up  into  flabelliform 
lobes,  3-4  X  0.1-0.2  cm.;  surface  light-brown  to  bay,  adorned 
with  very  prominent  cylindric  or  subpyramidal  processes; 
margin  thin,  irregular,  undulate  or  lobed,  inflexed;  context  pallid, 
fleshy,  rigid  and  fragile  when  dry,  about  I  mm.  thick;  tubes 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  43 

decurrent,  pallid  to  ochraceous,  short,  mouths  subelliptic  or 
circular,  becoming  angular,  4-6  to  a  mm.,  edges  entire  to  dentate; 
spores  smooth,  hyaline;  stipe  central  or  eccentric,  short,  thick, 
usually  reticulate,  brown  to  blackish,  fleshy,  2  cm.  long,  5-15 
mm.  thick. 

Found  a  few  times  on  dead  wood  in  Cuba. 

2.     POLYPORUS  SCABRICEPS  Berk.  &  Curt. 

Pileus  irregularly  circular  in  outline,  slightly  convex,  3-5  X  0.3 
cm.;  surface  umbrinous,  minutely  and  evenly  scabrous,  appear- 
ing spuriously  porose;  margin  irregular,  involute,  3-4  mm.  of  it 
being  rolled  inward;  context  soft-corky,  pale-yellowish-brown; 
tubes  decurrent,  pallid,  dark-yellowish-brown  when  dry,  mouths 
irregular,  4  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  dentate;  stipe  central,  short, 
even,  lighter  than  the  pileus,  scabrous^  tough,  2  cm.  long,  5-6 
mm.  thick. 

Found  once  on  dead  wood  in  Cuba. 

3.     POLYPORUS  VIRGATUS  Berk.  &  Curt. 

Pileus  circular,  depressed  at  the  center,  3.5-6  X  0.2-0.3  cm.; 
surface  rufous  when  dry,  tomentose  to  glabrous,  at  length 
virgate  from  the  rupture  of  the  cuticle;  margin  thin,  acute, 
inflexed  when  dry;  context  firm,  fibrous,  pale-brown,  1-2  mm. 
thick;  tubes  decurrent,  fragile,  dark-yellowish-brown  when  dry, 
1-1.5  nim.  long,  mouths  angular,  somewhat  irregular,  2-3  to  a 
mm.,  slightly  concentrically  confluent,  edges  thin,  conspicuously 
dentate;  stipe  central,  nearly  equal,  concolorous  or  darker  at  the 
base,  smooth  like  the  pileus,  firm  and  tough,  1.5-2.5  cm.  long, 
5-10  mm.  thick. 

Found  a  few  times  on  dead  wood  in  Cuba,  once  in  Costa  Rica, 
and  once  at  Hogtown,  Florida. 

4.     POLYPORUS  TUBA  Berk.  &  Curt. 

Pileus  cup-shaped,  like  a  Peziza,  with  a  very  long  stipe,  and 
very  thick  for  its  size,  1-1.5  X  0.5-1  cm.;  surface  white,  yellow- 
ish-brown when  dry,  glabrous,  smooth  or  radiate-rugose;  margin 
abruptly  acute,  entire,  slightly  revolute  when  dry;  context  pallid, 
firm,  not  elastic,  5  mm.  or  more  thick;  tubes  decurrent,  short, 
yellowish,  mouths  small,  4  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  at  length 
elongate;  stipe  slender,  central,  dilated  above,  concolorous, 
rough,  striate,  tough,  3-4  cm.  long,  2-4  mm.  thick. 

Found  once  on  dead  wood  in  Cuba. 


44  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

5.      POLYPORUS   CYATHIFORMIS   Lev. 

Pileus  deeply  infundibuliform,  5-8  X  0.1-0.3  cm.;  surface 
glabrous,  rufous,  very  rugose  when  dry;  margin  thin,  pellucid, 
entire,  fertile,  much  deflexed  in  herbarium  specimens;  context 
fleshy,  fragile  when  dry,  white  to  pallid,  1-2  mm.  thick;  tubes 
decurrent  almost  to  the  base  of  the  long  stipe,  I  mm.  long,  4-5 
to  a  mm.,  white  to  yellowish-brown,  mouths  angular,  quite 
regular,  edges  thin,  fragile,  subentire  to  elongate,  more  or  less 
collapsing  on  drying;  stipe  central,  solid,  somewhat  curved, 
concolorous  with  the  hymenium,  pulverulent,  2.5-4  cm.  long, 
4-6  mm.  thick. 

Occasional  on  dead  logs  in  Cuba  and  Santo  Domingo.  P. 
craterellus  is  not  distinct. 

6.     POLYPORUS  ACICULA  Berk.  &  Curt. 

Pileus  circular,  convex,  umbilicate,  resembling  a  minute 
Omphalia  in  shape,  2  X  0.5  mm.;  surface  glabrous,  minutely 
concentrically  rugose  when  dry,  yellowish-brown  in  the  single 
type  specimen;  margin  acute,  involute;  context  membranous, 
white;  tubes  small,  alveolar;  stipe  central,  filiform,  reddish- 
brown  when  dry,  glabrous  above,  slightly  villose  at  the  base, 
6  mm.  long,  0.25  mm.  thick. 

Found  once  on  dead  wood  in  Cuba. 

7.     POLYPORUS  DISCOIDEUS  Berk.  &  Curt. 

Pileus  circular,  plane,  10-12  cm.  in  diameter,  1-2  cm.  thick 
at  the  center,  tapering  to  a  few  millimeters  near  the  periphery; 
surface  smooth,  glabrous,  pale-ochraceous  to  umbrinous;  margin 
darker,  thin,  straight,  entire;  context  white  to  yellowish,  very 
soft-corky,  elastic,  0.5-1  cm.  thick;  tubes  pallid  to  dull-brown, 
mouths  subangular,  becoming  sinuose,  2  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin, 
elongate-dentate,  collapsed  when  dry;  stipe  central,  thick,  even, 
hispid,  concolorous  above,  darker  and  radicate  below,  6  cm. 
long,  1.5-2  cm.  thick. 

Found  once  on  dead  wood  in  Cuba. 

8.    POLYPORUS  OBOLUS  Ellis  &  Macbr. 

Pileus  circular,  plane,  1-2.5  X  0.03-0.08  cm. ;  surface  minutely 
tomentose,  radiate-rugose,  isabelline,  fulvous  at  the  center; 
margin  straight  or  repand,  even,  glabrous,  entirely  devoid  of 
teeth  or  cilia;  context  0.2-0.7  mm.  thick,  tough,  white,  trans- 
lucent, especially  near  the  margin;  tubes  o.i  mm.  long,  8  to  a 
mm.,  adnate,  white,  cylindric,  regular,  edges  thick,  entire;  spores 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  45 

ovoid,  4.5-5  X  3.5-4  Ml  stipe  central,  tough,  elastic,  slender, 
equal,  chestnut-colored,  glabrous,  smooth,  much  compressed  in 
drying,  1-4  cm.  long,  1-2  mm.  thick. 

Occasional  on  dead  sticks  in  moist  situations  in  Nicaragua, 
British  Honduras,  Porto  Rico,  and  Guadeloupe.  Leucoporus 
dictyoporus  Pat.,  described  from  Guadeloupe  in  1908,  is  not 
distinct. 

9.     POLYPORUS  AEMULANS  Berk.  &  Curt. 

Pileus  thin,  circular,  umbilicate,  3.5-4  X  0.05-0.1  cm.;  surface 
radiate-striate,  ochraceous,  dark-yellowish-brown  when  dry, 
glabrous  at  maturity;  margin  thin,  straight,  subcinereous, 
finely  hispid,  irregularly  incised  or  lobed,  sterile  for  1-2  mm.; 
context  tough,  membranous,  pallid  to  pale-brown;  tubes  decur- 
rent,  yellowish,  less  than  I  mm.  long,  gradually  disappearing 
near  the  margin,  mouths  alveolar,  shallow,  2  to  a  mm.,  usually 
radially  elongate,  edges  acute,  becoming  somewhat  elongate; 
stipe  central,  equal,  coffee-colored,  pulverulent,  expanding  into 
the  pileus,  2  cm.  long,  3-4  mm.  thick. 

Found  once  on  dead  wood  in  Cuba. 

10.     POLYPORUS  ARCULARIUS  (Batsch)  Fries 

Pileus  circular,  convex,  umbilicate,  1-2.5  X  0.1-0.2  cm.; 
surface  azonate,  concentrically  rugose  when  dry,  fuscous- 
squamulose  to  fulvous  and  nearly  glabrous;  margin  acute,  ciliate- 
dentate,  straight,  inflexed  on  drying;  context  white,  membranous; 
tubes  slightly  decurrent,  rather  firm,  white  to  brownish,  1-2 
mm.  long,  mouths  large,  oblong- rhomboid,  1-2  to  a  mm.,  edges 
thin,  elongate,  denticulate;  spores  cylindric,  pointed  at  the  ends, 
2-guttulate,  copious,  7-8X1.5-2.5/1;  stipe  central,  slender, 
even,  fuscous-gray  to  fulvous,  subsquamulose  to  glabrous  above, 
hispid-tomentose  at  the  base,  2-4  cm.  long,  2-3  mm.  thick. 

Occasional  on  dead  wood  in  Mexico,  Costa  Rica,  Jamaica, 
and  Cuba;  frequent  in  southern  Florida. 

ii.     POLYPORUS  VARIIPORUS  Murrill 

Pileus  orbicular,  convex  to  depressed,  1-2.5  X  0.1-0.2  cm.; 
surface  glabrous,  more  or  less  radiately  striate,  somewhat  con- 
centrically rugose,  straw-colored  to  isabelline,  fulvous  to  chestnut- 
colored  around  the  margin,  which  is  thin,  inflexed,  undulate, 
finely  ciliate,  the  cilia  being  fugacious;  context  1-1.5  mm-  thick, 
tough,  white;  tubes  0.5  mm.  in  length,  2-4  mm.  in  diameter, 
very  irregular,  much  elongate  radially  near  the  stipe  or  in  the 
4 


46  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

marginal  folds,  not  noticeably  decurrent,  yellowish,  polygonal  to 
lamelloid,  edges  firm,  entire,  becoming  denticulate  or  fimbriate 
with  age;  spores  ellipsoid,  7X4;*;  stipe  central,  hollow,  increas- 
ing above,  lighter  than  the  pileus,  subglabrous,  with  silky  luster, 
2  cm.  long,  2-6  mm.  thick,  the  buried  base  enlarged,  tomentose, 
and  frequently  black. 

Found  once  on  buried  sticks  in  Porto  Rico. 

12.    POLYPORUS  TRICHOLOMA  Mont. 

Pileus  circular,  convex  to  infundibuliform,  usually  cespitose, 
1.5-4  X  0.05-0.2  cm.;  surface  white  or  pallid  to  ochraceous  or 
reddish-brown,  azonate,  fibrillose  to  glabrous;  margin  straight 
or  inflexed,  conspicuously  ornamented  with  rigid  hairs,  or  cilia, 
2  mm.  long  and  of  uncertain  duration;  context  pallid,  membra- 
nous, tough;  tubes  slightly  decurrent,  white  to  pallid,  0.5-1  mm. 
long,  mouths  angular,  5  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  dentate,  elongate; 
spores  ellipsoid,  6-7  X  2-2.5/1;  stipe  central,  equal,  glabrous, 
concolorous,  very  slender,  1.5-2.5  cm.  long,  1-1.5  mm.  thick. 

Very  common  throughout  on  dead  sticks  and  logs  in  woods. 

13.     POLYPORUS  COWELLII  Murrill 

Pileus  orbicular,  convex  to  plane,  umbilicate,  1-2  X  0.02-0.05 
cm.;  surface  nearly  glabrous,  minutely  concentrically  rugose, 
straw-colored  to  isabelline,  becoming  darker  and  hygrophanous 
around  the  margin  or  in  blotches  or  even  over  the  entire  surface, 
often  faintly  radiate-striate  about  the  center  with  delicate  white 
or  brown  lines;  margin  very  thin,  straight  or  inflexed,  somewhat 
irregular  in  outline,  finely  denticulate,  the  teeth  prolonged  into 
short,  fugacious  cilia;  context  extremely  thin,  membranous, 
0.1-0.2  mm.  thick,  white  or  pallid,  partially  or  entirely  trans- 
lucent; tubes  0.2-0.4  mm.  long,  3-6  to  a  mm.,  larger  by  con- 
fluence, adnate,  pallid,  polygonal,  edges  very  thin,  subentire, 
becoming  fimbriate  with  age;  spores  ellipsoid,  5  X  2.5/1;  stipe 
central,  solid,  very  slender,  equal,  concolorous  or  slightly  darker, 
pruinose  to  glabrous,  smooth,  longitudinally  striate,  2-3  cm.  long, 
0.3-1  mm.  thick,  soft  and  milk-white  at  the  center. 

Found  a  few  times  on  dead  wood  in  Porto  Rico  and  St.  Kitts. 

14.     POLYPORUS  MACULOSUS  Murrill 

Pileus  irregularly  orbicular,  deeply  depressed,  3-3.5  X  0.1-0.2 
cm.;  surface  finely  and  densely  tomentose,  radiately  striate, 
drab-colored,  ornamented  with  several  light-bay  or  chestnut 
spots  mostly  situated  about  midway  between  the  center  and  the 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  47 

margin,  which  is  very  thin,  striate,  irregular  and  somewhat 
fissured  but  entirely  devoid  of  teeth  or  cilia;  context  0.5-1.5  mm. 
thick,  tough  to  corky,  pallid;  tubes  0.2-0.4  mm.  long,  6-7  to  a 
mm.,  decurrent,  pallid  or  yellowish,  subcylindric,  edges  entire; 
spores  ovoid,  4  X  3  n,  immature  in  the  type  specimens;  stipe 
central,  solid,  woody,  tapering  upward,  chestnut-black  at  the 
base,  with  blotches  of  light-yellow,  uneven,  subglabrous,  2  cm. 
long,  2-4  mm.  thick. 

Found  once  on  dead  wood  in  Central  America. 

15.     POLYPORUS  WRIGHTII  Murrill 

Pileus  circular,  convex-plane,  umbilicate,  3-4  X  o.i  cm.; 
surface  delicately  radiate-striate,  glabrous,  yellowish-brown  to 
isabelline;  margin  thin,  acute,  bay,  irregularly  undulate  or 
lobed,  slightly  incurved,  not  ciliate;  context  membranous,  pallid, 
corky,  less  than  0.5  mm.  thick;  tubes  decurrent,  umbrinous 
when  dry,  0.5-1  mm.  long,  2-3  to  a  mm.,  mouths  irregular, 
angular,  very  variable  in  size,  edges  thin,  entire,  slightly  toothed 
with  age;  stipe  short,  central,  solid,  woody,  equal  or  slightly 
enlarged  at  the  base,  pulverulent,  black,  5-7  mm.  long,  2-3  mm. 
thick. 

Found  once  or  twice  on  dead  wood  in  Cuba. 

1 6.    POLYPORUS  MARASMIOIDES  (Pat.)  Murrill 

Pileus  circular,  convex-plane,  deeply  umbilicate,  sometimes 
entirely  aborted,  1-5  X  o.i  cm.;  surface  glabrous,  ochraceous, 
obscurely  striate  near  the  margin,  marked  with  a  shallow,  cir- 
cular, peripheral  furrow;  margin  straight,  yellowish,  translucent, 
puberulent,  denticulate,  sterile;  context  pallid,  corky;  tubes 
large,  shallow,  radiating,  angular,  I  mm.  or  more  in  diameter, 
edges  thick,  hard,  entire,  becoming  denticulate  or  lacerate;  spores 
elongate-ovoid,  guttulate,  ioX4MJStipe  central,  cylindric, 
brownish-black,  white  within,  tenacious,  woody,  velvety-hispid, 
1-15  cm.  long. 

Found  a  few  times  on  decaying  seeds  or  dead  trunks  in  Guade- 
loupe and  Martinique. 

17.    POLYPORUS  ELEGANS  (Bull.)  Fries 

Pileus  flabelliform  to  subcircular,  scarcely  depressed  behind, 
convex  or  nearly  plane,  2-6  X  3-10  X  0.2-1  cm.;  surface  dis- 
tinctly radiate-striate,  pruinose  when  young,  becoming  glabrous 
and  pale-ochraceous  at  maturity;  margin  thin,  at  first  inflexed, 
often  becoming  wavy  or  much  lobed  and  folded  with  age,  not 


48  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

ciliate;  context  white  or  pallid,  corky,  1-5  mm.  thick;  tubes  pale- 
avellaneous,  1-3  mm.  long,  cylindric,  mouths  angular  to  sub- 
circular,  entire,  at  first  white,  glistening,  pale-umbrinous  with 
age,4~5  to  a  mm., edges  thin,  entire ;  spores  oblong,  7-8  X  3-3.5  MI 
stipe  eccentric  or  lateral,  rarely  central,  woody,  smooth,  pallid 
above,  abruptly  black  and  scutate  below,  1-4  cm.  long,  2-5  mm. 
thick. 

Occasional  on  fallen  dead  branches  at  Jalapa,  Mexico. 

1 8.     POLYPORUS  SUBELEGANS  Murrill 

Pileus  flabelliform,  convex,  often  attenuate  at  the  base,  1-2  X 
*-5~2-5  X  o.i  cm.;  surface  delicately  radiate-striate,  glabrous, 
isabelline  to  pale-umbrinous  when  dry;  margin  acute,  entire, 
undulate  to  lobed,  rarely  inflexed;  context  pallid,  corky,  0.5 
mm.  thick;  tubes  pale-umbrinous,  I  mm.  long,  cylindric,  mouths 
white  when  young,  perfectly  circular,  exceedingly  minute,  10 
to  a  mm.,  edges  thick,  entire;  stipe  short,  lateral,  solid,  woody, 
scutate  at  the  base,  black,  pruinose,  rugose,  2-5  mm.  long,  2-3 
mm.  thick. 

Frequent  on  dead  sticks  in  Mexico,  Nicaragua,  and  Jamaica. 

19.     POLYPORUS  DIABOLICUS  Berk. 

Pileus  circular,  umbilicate,  convex,  3-10  X  0.2-0.4  cm.;  sur- 
face bright-bay  to  almost  black,  usually  radiate-striate,  pruinose 
to  glabrous,  sometimes  proliferous;  margin  rather  thin,  entire, 
concolorous  to  crenate  or  lobed,  at  first  straight,  becoming 
slightly  deflexed;  context  white  or  pallid,  corky,  1-3  mm.  thick; 
tubes  white  to  umbrinous,  1-2  mm.  long,  mouths  minute,  circular, 
4-6  to  a  mm.,  edges  thick,  entire;  stipe  central,  solid,  woody, 
equal  or  slightly  tapering  upward,  concolorous,  glabrous,  3-8  cm. 
long,  3-10  mm.  thick. 

Occasional  on  dead  trunks  in  Mexico  and  Central  America, 
as  well  as  in  South  America. 

20.     POLYPORUS  MARBLEAE  Murrill,  sp.  nov. 

Pileus  very  convex  above  and  concave  below,  laterally 
attached,  6  X  8  X  1-2  cm.;  surface  smooth,  glabrous,  shining, 
fuliginous,  margin  acute,  concolorous,  undulate,  shortly  inflexed 
on  drying;  context  white,  fragile,  homogeneous,  about  7  mm. 
thick;  hymenium  pale-avellaneous  when  young;  tubes  equaling 
the  thickness  of  the  context,  minute,  whitish  or  yellowish,  thin- 
walled,  the  edges  becoming  fimbriate-lacerate;  stipe  short, 
lateral,  avellaneous  or  slightly  darker,  smooth,  glabrous,  marked 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  49 

above  with  the  decurrent  tubes,  about  2  cm.  long  and  1-1.5  cm- 
thick. 

Type  collected  on  dead  wood  at  Mount  Morales  near  Utuado, 
Porto  Rico,  March  19,  1906,  Elizabeth  G.  Britton  &  Delia  W. 
Marble  1216  (herb.  N.  Y.  Bot.  Card.)-  It  is  known  only  from 
this  single  collection,  which,  unfortunately,  was  attacked  by 
insects  while  developing  and  the  tubes  are  consequently  ab- 
normal. 

21.     POLYPORUS  BLANCHETIANUS  Berk.  &  Mont. 

Pileus  semicircular  or  reniform,  plane  or  slightly  convex,  2-5 
cm.  broad,  0.5  cm.  thick;  surface  bay  to  black,  very  glabrous, 
often  striate  or  slightly  veined ;  margin  acute,  entire  to  wavy  or 
lobed;  context  corky,  pallid  to  brownish,  2-4  mm.  thick;  tubes 
very  short,  minute,  circular  or  subangular,  pallid  to  umbrinous, 
1-2  mm.  long,  5-6  to  a  mm.,  edges  thick,  entire;  spores  oblong, 
inequilateral,  6-7  X  2-3  n;  stipe  lateral  to  eccentric,  short, 
black,  opaque,  punctulate,  2-10  mm.  long,  2-3  mm.  thick. 

Frequent  throughout  on  dead  wood ;  also  in  South  America. 

22.  POLYPORUS  SCABELLUS  (Pat.)  Murrill 

Pileus  semicircular  or  nearly  reniform,  plane,  slightly  elevated 
behind,  3-8  X  4-10  X  0.1-0.5  cm.;  surface  bright-chestnut- 
colored,  finely  radiate-striate  or  marked  with  rows  of  serrated, 
black  squamules;  margin  straight,  acute,  entire;  context  white, 
becoming  brownish  on  drying,  membranous;  tubes  very  short,, 
not  decurrent,  mouths  light-brown,  more  or  less  tinged  with 
fuliginous  near  the  stipe,  round,  very  small,  the  dissepiments, 
thick;  stipe  eccentric,  horizontal,  cylindric,  very  short,  black,, 
minutely  velvety,  marked  with  punctate  depressions,  3-4  mm. 
long,  3-6  mm.  thick,  inserted  upon  a  black,  orbicular  disk. 

Occasional  on  dead  hardwood  trunks  in  Guadeloupe. 

23.  POLYPORUS  PRAEGUTTULATUS  Murrill 

Pileus  subcircular  in  outline,  convex  above,  nearly  plane  below, 
attached  by  a  decurrent  base,  which  causes  the  hymenophore  to 
appear  triangular  in  section,  4  X  4.5  X  0.5-2.5  cm.;  surface 
smooth,  latericeous,  with  a  coating  of  fine,  grayish  tomentum, 
which  disappears  in  numerous  subcircular  spots;  margin  slightly 
upturned,  abruptly  acute,  concentrically  striate,  entire,  creme- 
ous;  context  pallid,  soft-corky,  homogeneous,  I  cm.  thick  behind; 
tubes  stramineous,  3-4  mm.  long,  mouths  subcircular  to  angular, 


5O  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

larger  near  the  margin,  most  of  them  about  3  to  a  mm.,  glistening, 
stramineous,  edges  thin,  entire;  spores  ovoid,  5-6  X  2-3  /*;  stipe 
obsolete. 

Collected  once  in  Troy  and  Tyre,  Jamaica,  on  a  log  in  woods. 

16.     ABORTIPORUS   Murrill 

Hymenophore  annual,  tough,  humus-loving;  stipe  normally 
central,  often  obsolete;  context  yellowish-white,  duplex,  spongy 
above,  woody  below,  tubes  thin- walled,  mouths  polygonal; 
spores  smooth,  hyaline. 

Pileus  circular,  6-13  cm.  broad.  i.  A.  distortus. 

Pileus  spatulate  to  reniform,  2-3  cm.  broad.  2.  A.  tropicalis. 

i.    ABORTIPORUS  DISTORTUS  (Schw.)  Murrill 

Pileus  normally  thin,  plane  or  depressed,  circular  and  centrally 
stipitate  when  properly  developed,  but  often  aborted  and  very 
irregular,  varying  to  entirely  resupinate  forms,  6-13  cm.  in 
diameter,  0.3-1  cm.  thick;  surface  conspicuously  and  compactly 
tomentose,  anoderm,  azonate,  smooth,  white  to  alutaceous; 
margin  thin,  undulate  to  lobed,  concolorous;  context  soft  and 
spongy  above,  hard  and  woody  below,  white  or  isabelline,  3-5 
mm.  thick;  tubes  annual,  decurrent,  white,  1-5  mm.  long,  mouths 
irregular,  variable,  2-3  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  entire  to  dentate; 
spores  subglobose,  5-7  /*  long;  stipe  central,  unequal,  very  vari- 
able, often  obsolete,  resembling  the  pileus  in  surface  and  context. 

Found  twice  in  Porto  Rico,  once  in  the  perfect  form  and  once 
in  the  aborted  condition.  It  usually  occurs  about  stumps  and 
buried  wood  of  broad-leaved  trees. 

2.    ABORTIPORUS  TROPICALIS  Murrill 

Pileus  distorted,  spatulate  to  reniform,  laterally  stipitate, 
tough,  flexible,  becoming  almost  rigid  when  dry,  1-2  X  2.5-3  X 
0.2-0.4  cm.;  surface  spongy,  finely  tomentose,  uneven,  plane  or 
depressed,  rosy-ochraceous,  anoderm;  margin  white,  becoming 
reddish-brown  when  bruised,  undulate  to  lobed,  sterile;  context 
white,  duplex,  with  a  firmer  layer  next  to  the  tubes ;  tubes  short, 
white  within,  mouths  minute,  invisible  to  the  unaided  eye, 
somewhat  glistening,  white,  edges  firm,  obtuse  to  subacute,  entire; 
spores  globose,  smooth,  thin-walled,  hyaline,  copious,  4.5-6^; 
stipe  ascending,  expanding  into  the  pileus,  sometimes  branched 
at  the  base,  very  irregular,  cremeous,  clothed  like  the  pileus, 
tapering  below,  about  3  cm.  long  and  5-10  mm.  thick. 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  51 

Collected  once  in  Hope  Gardens,  Jamaica,  attached  to  the 
base  of  a  small  dead  stump,  and  once  at  Jalapa,  Mexico;  also 
in  South  America. 

17.     GRIFOLA  (Micheli)  S.  F.  Gray 

Hymenophore  large,  annual,  stipitate,  compound,  intricately 
branched  or  lobed,  humus-loving  or  epixylous,  rarely  terrestrial, 
usually  found  at  the  base  of  a  tree-trunk;  surface  smooth, 
pallid  to  gray  or  brown;  context  white,  fleshy  or  fleshy- tough, 
rigid  and  fragile  when  dry;  tubes  large,  irregular,  thin-walled, 
becoming  friable  or  laciniate  with  age;  spores  hyaline,  smooth 
or  rarely  verrucose. 

i.     GRIFOLA  LENTIFRONDOSA  Murrill 

Pileus  imbricate-multiplex,  15-20  X  20-30  cm.;  pileoli  mostly 
spatulate,  closely  appressed  and  more  or  less  connate;  surface 
isabelline  with  a  rosy  tint,  subtomentose,  becoming  fuliginous 
with  age,  margin  entire  or  undulate,  sterile,  inflexed  on  drying; 
context  white,  radiate-fibrous,  separating  into  tough  strings  like 
that  of  bast-tissue;  tubes  pallid  to  light-brown,  minute,  thin- 
walled,  2-3  mm.  long,  mouths  angular,  edges  thin,  lacerate  with 
age;  spores  globose,  smooth,  hyaline,  copious,  3-4  /*;  stipe  tuber- 
cular, woody,  pallid,  expanding  into  the  pileoli,  8  cm.  long,  6  cm. 
thick. 

Collected  once  on  the  roots  of  an  oak  stump  on  an  exposed 
railway  embankment  near  Jalapa,  Mexico. 

1 8.     PYCNOPORUS  P.   Karst. 

Hymenophore  annual,  sometimes  reviving,  epixylous,  sessile, 
dimidiate,  simple  or  imbricate,  rarely  pseudo-stipitate ;  surface 
anoderm,  slightly  pelliculose  at  times,  zonate  or  azonate,  bright- 
er dull-red;  context  red,  soft-corky  to  punky;  hymenium  con- 
colorous,  tubes  small,  firm,  thin-walled;  spores  smooth, 
hyaline. 

i.     PYCNOPORUS  SANGUINEUS  (L.)  Murrill 

Pileus  thin,  coriaceous,  sessile  or  spuriously  stipitate,  dimidiate, 
conchate  or  reniform,  imbricate,  laterally  connate  at  times, 
3-5  X  4-8  X  0.4-0.6  cm.;  surface  zonate,  finely  tomentose  to 
glabrous,  bright-red,  often  variegated  with  yellowish-red  zones, 
fading  to  pure- white  in  old  specimens  exposed  to  the  sun ;  margin 
acute,  finely  tomentose,  yellowish-red;  context  floccose,  elastic, 
yellowish-red,  1-3  mm.  thick;  tubes  annual,  very  short,  bright- 


52  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

reddish-miniatous,  scarcely  a  mm.  long,  mouths  circular  to 
angular,  regular,  minute,  3-5  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  firm,  entire, 
concolorous  with  the  interior;  spores  oblong,  3-4  X  1-2  /i. 

Extremely  common  throughout  on  all  forms  of  dead  wood. 
A  few  specimens  have  been  seen  from  Mexico  and  the  Bahamas 
which  greatly  resemble  P.  cinnabarinus. 

19.     FLAVIPORELLUS  Murrill 

Hymenophore  small,  annual,  epixylous,  sessile  or  substipitate, 
flabelliform,  yellow  throughout;  surface  anoderm,  margin  thin; 
context  very  thin  and  friable;  tubes  small,  thin-walled,  fragile; 
spores  smooth,  hyaline  or  yellowish. 

i.    FLAVIPORELLUS  SPLITGERBERI  (Mont.)  Murrill 

Pileus  thin,  dimidiate  to  spatulate-cuneate,  densely  imbricate, 
gibbous  behind,  2-4  X  3-8  X  0.1-0.2  cm.;  surface  anoderm, 
fibrose-radiate,  subzonate,  smooth,  flavous-luteous  with  reddish- 
fulvous  spots  or  zones,  fulvous  or  umbrinous  behind;  margin 
very  thin,  subfibrous,  inflexed  or  folded  when  dry,  broadly  sterile, 
golden-yellow;  context  radiate-fibrous,  corky  to  woody,  very 
hard  next  to  the  tubes,  I  mm.  thick,  shining-flavous ;  tubes 
annual,  melleous  within,  scarcely  a  mm.  long,  mouths  circular 
to  angular,  4-6  to  a  mm.,  pale-luteous  to  melleous,  edges  very 
thin,  becoming  dentate-lacerate  with  age;  spores  ovoid  or  ellip- 
soid, subhyaline  or  pale-luteous,  4-5  X  3  M- 

Occasional  on  dead  wood  in  Mexico,  Panama,  and  Cuba;  also 
in  South  America. 

20.     LAETIPORUS  Murrill 

Hymenophore  annual,  epixylous,  fleshy,  anoderm,  cespitose- 
multiplex;  context  cheesy  to  fragile,  light-colored;  tubes  thin- 
walled,  fragile,  bright-yellow,  mouths  irregularly  polygonal; 
spores  smooth,  hyaline. 

i.    LAETIPORUS  SPECIOSUS  (Batt.)  Murrill 

Hymenophore  cespitose-multiplex,  30-60  cm.  broad;  pileus 
cheesy,  not  becoming  rigid,  reniform,  very  broad,  more  or  less 
stipitate,  5-15  X  7-20  X  0.5-1  cm.;  surface  finely  tomentose  to 
glabrous,  rugose,  anoderm,  subzonate  at  times,  varying  from 
lemon-yellow  to  orange,  fading  out  with  age;  margin  thin,  fer- 
tile, concolorous,  subzonate,  finely  tomentose,  undulate,  rarely 
lobed;  context  cheesy,  very  fragile  when  dry,  yellow  when  fresh, 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  53 

usually  white  in  dried  specimens,  3-7  mm.  thick;  tubes  annual, 
2-3  mm.  long,  sulfur-yellow  within,  mouths  minute,  angular, 
somewhat  irregular,  3-4  to  a  mm.,  edges  very  thin,  lacerate, 
sulfur-yellow,  the  color  fairly  permanent  in  dried  specimens; 
spores  ovoid,  smooth  or  finely  papillate,  6-8  X  3-5  M. 

Occasional  in  Cuba  and  Mexico  on  living  trunks  of  various 
trees,  causing  heart-rot.  This  species  is  cosmopolitan,  but 
evidently  does  not  thrive  under  tropical  conditions. 

21.  PHAEOLOPSIS  Murrill 

Hymenophore  annual,  epixylous,  stipitate;  surface  azonate, 
anoderm,  yellow  or  brown;  margin  acute;  context  yellow,  fleshy 
to  tough  and  fibrous,  not  friable;  tubes  yellow,  regular,  minute, 
thin-walled;  spores  smooth,  hyaline;  stipe  eccentric  or  lateral, 
with  substance  and  surface  like  that  of  the  pileus. 

i.     PHAEOLOPSIS  VERAE-CRUCIS  (Berk.)  Murrill 

Pileus  fleshy  to  tough,  becoming  rigid,  flabelliform,  with  stipe 
lateral  or  eccentric,  depressed  behind,  5-6  X  7-8  X  0.2-0.3  cm.; 
surface  glabrous,  radiate-striate,  bright-fuscous,  darker  with  age; 
margin  acute,  undulate  to  lobed,  inflexed  when  dry;  context 
dark-yellowish-orange  in  dried  specimens,  rhubarb-yellow  when 
fresh,  tough  and  fibrous,  glistening,  1-2  mm.  thick;  tubes  annual, 
about  i  mm.  long,  rhubarb-yellow  when  fresh,  becoming  fuscous, 
mouths  minute,  circular,  regular,  6-7  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin, 
equal,  entire;  stipe  attenuate  below,  rhubarb-yellow  when  fresh, 
rough,  slightly  tomentose,  resembling  the  context  within. 

Collected  once  in  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico,  growing  on  the  roots 
of  trees,  and  once  on  dead  wood  in  British  Honduras. 

22.  CERRENELLA   Murrill 

Hymenophore  thin,  effused-reflexed,  annual,  epixylous;  surface 
brown,  zonate,  anoderm,  margin  thin;  context  thin,  coriaceous, 
brown;  hymenium  at  first  poroid,  very  soon  becoming  irpiciform, 
the  teeth  irregular  and  compressed ;  spores  smooth,  hyaline. 

Pileus  very  thin,  i  mm.  or  less  in  thickness. 

Hymenium  ferruginous,  unchanging.  i.  C.  Ravenelii. 

Hymenium  olivaceous,  becoming  cinereous.  2.  C.  farinacea. 

Pileus  3-7  mm.  thick;  hymenium  chestnut-colored  to  almost 

black.  3.  C.  subcoriacea. 


54  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

1.  CERRENELLA  RAVENELII  (Berk.)  Murrill 

Pileus  thin,  coriaceous,  flexible,  effused-reflexed,  the  reflexed 
portion  dimidiate,  imbricate,  connate,  o-i  X  1-3  X  o.i  cm.; 
surface  tomentose  to  finely  hirsute,  finely  concentrically  striate, 
fulvous-chestnut  to  avellaneous;  margin  very  thin,  undulate  to 
lobed,  deflexed  in  dried  specimens;  context  papery  thin,  con- 
colorous;  tubes  short,  irregular,  less  than  I  mm.  in  length,  1-2 
to  a  mm.,  teeth  ferruginous,  compressed,  obtuse,  somewhat 
seriate,  irregular  in  size  and  shape,  pulverulent  at  first;  spores 
globose,  smooth,  hyaline,  6-7  p. 

Occasional  in  southern  Florida  on  decaying  branches  of  oak 
and  other  deciduous  trees. 

2.  CERRENELLA  FARINACEA  (Fries)  Murrill 

Pileus  very  thin,  soft,  flexible,  coriaceous,  entirely  resupinate 
or  effused-reflexed,  the  reflexed  portion  dimidiate,  imbricate, 
laterally  connate,  o-i  X  1-5  X  o.i  cm.;  surface  finely  con- 
centrically striate,  tomentose,  umbrinous-chestnut ;  margin  very 
thin,  undulate  to  lobed,  sterile;  context  membranous,  concolor- 
ous,  papery-thin;  tubes  short,  I  mm.  or  less,  irregular,  2-3  to  a 
mm.,  edges  thin,  fimbriate  to  lacerate,  dentate,  separated  at  a 
very  young  stage  forming  an  irpiciform  hymenium,  yellowish- 
green  to  olive  and  finally  cinereous  and  farinaceous;  spores 
6-7  X  2.5  M. 

Frequent  throughout  on  decaying  branches  of  hardwood  trees. 

3.    CERRENELLA  SUBCORIACEA  Murrill 

Pileus  coriaceous,  rather  flexible,  effused-reflexed,  the  reflexed 
portion  dimidiate,  imbricate,  often  laterally  connate,  1-2  X  2-5 
X  0.3-0.7  cm.;  surface  somewhat  zonate,  finely  tomentose  to 
glabrous,  dark-chestnut-colored;  margin  entire  to  lobed,  bay, 
tomentose,  very  thin;  context  very  thin,  less  than  I  mm., 
chestnut-colored,  soft,  fibrous;  tubes  often  reviving,  2-4  cm. 
long,  umbrinous-chestnut  and  powdery  within,  hymenium  ir- 
regular, daedaleoid  to  iripiciform,  mouths  1-2  to  a  mm.,  edges 
thin,  firm,  glistening,  chestnut-colored  to  very  dark  fuliginous, 
soon  splitting  into  flat,  more  or  less  pointed  teeth. 

Found  once  on  dead  wood  in  Nicaragua. 

23.     CORIOLOPSIS  Murrill 

Hymenophore  thin,  flexible  or  rigid,  annual,  epixylous,  sessile, 
dimidiate,  often  largely  resupinate;  surface  light-brown  to  bay- 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES 


55 


black,  zonate,  anoderm,  rarely  encrusted  with  age,  hairy;  margin 
thin;  context  thin,  coriaceous  to  woody,  isabelline  to  purplish- 
umbrinous,  rarely  almost  white;  hymenium  concolorous;  tubes 
small,  regular,  thin-walled,  entire;  spores  smooth,  hyaline. 


Pileus  isabelline  to  fulvous. 

Pores  inconspicuous;  pileus  papery-thin,  very  soft  and 

flexible. 
Pores  conspicuous. 

Hymenium  isabelline;  pileu   usually  thick  and  firm. 
Hymenium  whitish  or  grayish,  at  least  until  matur- 
ity; pileus  thin,  1-3  mm.,  flexible,  often  nar- 
rowly reflexed  or  entirely  resupinate. 
Surface  and  hymenium  whitish  to  isabelline. 
Surface  isabelline  to  fulvous  or  whitish-cinereous; 

hymenium  murinous  to  umbrinous. 
Tubes  i—2  mm.  long,  3—4  to  a  mm. 
Tubes  3-5  mm.  long,  2  to  a  mm. 

Pileus  wholly  or  partly  darker  than  fulvous,  usually  bay- 
brown  or  blackish. 

Context  isabelline  to  ochraceous-ferruginous. 
Surface  finely  tomentose  to  scabrous. 
Surface  densely  clothed  with  long  fibers. 
Fibers  persistent;  cystidia  absent. 
Fibers  wearing  away  with  age;   cystidia  con- 
spicuous. 
Context  fulvous. 

Pileus  less  than  2  cm.  broad. 
Pileus  4-6  cm.  broad. 
Context  umbrinous-chestnut. 

Pileus  effused,  narrowly  reflexed. 

Tubes  large,  2  to  a  mm.,  cinereous. 
Tubes  small,  7—8  to  a  mm.,  purplish-umbrinous. 
Pileus  not  effused,  or,  if  so,  broadly  reflexed. 

Surface  entirely  pure-black,  or  slightly  fuliginous 

in  narrow  zones;  hymenium  grayish-white. 
Surface  fulvous-umbrinous  with  bay-black  zones, 

or  uniformly  dark-bay. 
Pileus  flexible,  tomentose  to  aculeate. 
Pileus  rigid,  tomentose  to  glabrous;  tubes  often 
stratified. 


I. 


1.  C.  crocata. 

2.  C.  occidentalis. 

3.  C.  rigida. 


4.  C.fulvocinerea. 

5.  C.  crocaliformis. 


6.  C.  Taylori. 

7.  C.  cirrifer. 

8.  C.  sarcitiformis. 

9.  C.  fumosa. 

10.  C.  caper atiformis. 


it.  C.  vittata. 
12.  C.  vibratilis. 


13.  C.  nigrocinerea. 

14.  C.  caper  ata. 

15.  C.  subglabrescens. 


CORIOLOPSIS  CROCATA  (Fries)  Murrill 

Pileus  coriaceous,  membranous,  flaccid,  flexible,  elastic,  effused- 
reflexed,  sometimes  covering  the  entire  under  surface  of  logs,  the 
reflexed  portion  dimidiate  to  reniform,  applanate,  conchate,  0-5 
cm.  long,  4  to  many  cm.  broad,  not  exceeding  2  or  3  mm.  in  thick- 
ness; surface  densely  concentrically  striate,  somewhat  zonate, 


56  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

villose-tomentose,  grayish-isabelline  or  pale-fulvous;  margin  very 
thin,  pallid,  broadly  sterile,  entire  to  slightly  undulate;  context 
thin,  membranous,  isabelline,  spongy,  1-2  mm.  thick;  tubes  very 
short  and  shallow,  less  than  a  mm.  in  length,  mouths  puncti- 
form,  regular,  circular,  4-5  to  a  mm.,  edges  thick,  entire,  white 
to  isabelline  or  pale-fulvous. 

Frequent  throughout  on  dead  hardwood  logs. 

2.  CORIOLOPSIS  OCCIDENTALIS  (Klotzsch)  Murrill 

Pileus  corky  or  leathery,  dimidiate  to  reniform,  applanate, 
3-6  X  5-10  X  0.3-1  cm.;  surface  concentrically  sulcate,  zonate, 
tomentose,  grayish-ochraceous  to  grayish-isabelline,  somewhat 
fading  with  age;  margin  thin,  velvety,  entire;  context  ochro- 
leucous,  subshining,  zonate,  corky,  1-6  mm.  thick;  tubes  rather 
short,  2-4  mm.  long,  isabelline  within,  mouths  circular,  slightly 
irregular  at  times,  2-4  to  a  mm.,  edges  rather  thick,  becoming 
thin,  entire,  firm,  milk-white  when  young  and  fresh,  isabelline 
to  ochraceous-fulvous  at  maturity;  spores  allantoid,  5-7  X  2-3  p. 

Extremely  common  on  various  kinds  of  dead  wood  throughout. 

3.  CORIOLOPSIS  RIGIDA  (Berk.  &  Mont.)  Murrill 

Pileus  thin,  coriaceous,  flexible  to  rigid,  effused-reflexed, 
imbricate,  laterally  connate,  the  reflexed  portion  flabelliform, 
applanate  or  conchate,  0.5-3  X  3-6  X  0.1-0.2  cm.;  surface 
spuriously  zoned,  sometimes  zonate  behind,  concentrically  fur- 
rowed at  times,  hirsute  to  hispid,  nearly  white  to  isabelline; 
margin  very  thin,  pallid,  undulate  to  lobed;  context  pallid  to 
isabelline,  membranous;  tubes  very  short,  grayish-isabelline 
within,  mouths  fairly  regular,  circular  to  slightly  angular,  3-4 
to  a  mm.,  edges  white  to  grayish- white  and  finally  isabelline, 
rather  thick  at  first,  becoming  thin,  entire  and  slightly  uneven. 

Common  on  dead  wood  throughout. 

4.     CORIOLOPSIS  FULVOCINEREA  Murrill 

Pileus  coriaceous,  flexible  to  rigid,  dimidiate,  imbricate, 
laterally  connate,  often  decurrent,  usually  conchate,  2-4  X  3-8 
X  0.2-0.4  cm.;  surface  spuriously  zonate,  concentrically  striate 
or  sulcate,  uneven,  often  plicate,  isabelline  to  fulvous  or  cinereous, 
tomentose,  scabrous  behind;  margin  very  thin,  undulate  to 
lobed,  tomentose,  isabelline  to  fulvous;  context  membranous, 
fibrous,  pale-umbrinous,  becoming  darker  with  age,  about  1-2 
mm.  thick;  tubes  short,  1-2  mm.  long,  cinereous  to  avellaneous 
within,  mouths  minute,  regular,  circular  to  angular,  3-4  to  a 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  57 

mm.,  elongate  and  irregular  in  larger  specimens  at  times,  muri- 
nous  to  umbrinous,  edges  thin,  firm,  entire. 

Frequent  on  dead  wood  in  Cuba,  Jamaica,  Santo  Domingo, 
St.  Croix,  and  Barbados. 

5.     CORIOLOPSIS  CROCATIFORMIS  Murrill 

Pileus  coriaceous,  flaccid,  flexible,  elastic,  effused-reflexed,  sub- 
imbricate,  more  or  less  laterally  connate,  the  reflexed  portion 
dimidiate  or  laterally  elongate,  conchate,  1.5-2  X  3-7  X  0.2-0.5 
cm.;  surface  very  irregular  and  uneven,  tomentose  to  spongy, 
somewhat  sulcate,  fulvous;  context  very  thin,  punky,  fulvous; 
tubes  3-5  mm.  long,  grayish-fulvous  within;  mouths  large, 
angular,  somewhat  irregular,  2  to  a  mm.,  glistening,  fulvous- 
umbrinous,  edges  thin,  flexible,  entire  or  slightly  toothed;  spores 
subglobose,  smooth,  3.5  /z. 

Collected  once  on  dead  wood  near  Oaxaca,  Mexico. 

6.     CORIOLOPSIS  TAYLORI  Murrill 

Pileus  corky,  rigid,  subimbricate,  dimidiate,  conchate,  3-5  X 
4-7  X  0.5-1.5  cm.;  surface  zonate,  roughly  hispid  to  scabrous, 
aculeate  behind,  somewhat  sulcate,  finely  radiate-striate,  sub- 
shining  and  chestnut-colored  in  zones  near  the  margin  and  opaque 
and  isabelline-fulvous  behind,  or  entirely  multizonate  and  sub- 
shining;  margin  thin,  pallid,  tomentose,  entire  or  undulate; 
context  isabelline,  distinctly  zonate,  almost  woody,  0.3-1  cm. 
thick;  tubes  slender,  2-4  mm.  long,  circular,  umbrinous  within, 
mouths  circular,  regular,  minute,  5-7  to  a  mm.,  grayish-um- 
brinous  to  fuliginous,  edges  entire,  becoming  rather  thin,  but 
firm  and  even. 

Frequent  on  dead  logs  in  Panama,  Honduras,  Cuba,  Porto 
Rico,  St.  John,  and  Jamaica. 

7.     CORIOLOPSIS  CIRRIFER  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill 

Pileus  dimidiate,  sessile,  subimbricate  at  times,  usually  con- 
chate, 4-8  X  7-10  X  1-2  cm.;  surface  zonate,  at  least  when 
young,  isabelline  to  fulvous  or  bay,  becoming  nearly  fuliginous 
when  old,  conspicuously  and  very  densely  covered  with  long, 
branched  hairs  which  are  rather  soft  and  yielding  to  the  touch 
and  do  not  disappear  with  age;  margin  entire,  isabelline,  rather 
thick  and  often  obtuse;  context  isabelline,  corky,  5-8  mm.  thick; 
tubes  slender,  pale-avellaneous  within,  equaling  the  thickness 
of  the  context,  mouths  minute,  circular,  4-5  to  a  mm.,  the  edges 
thick,  entire,  pallid  to  umbrinous. 


58  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

Frequent  on  dead  logs  and  stumps  in  Cuba,  Porto  Rico,  and 
Central  America.  This  species  approaches  Pogonomyces  very 
closely,  forming  a  connecting  link  between  this  genus  and 
Coriolopsis. 

8.     CORIOLOPSIS  SARCITIFORMIS  Murrill 

Pileus  thin,  imbricate,  dimidiate  or  flabelliform,  applanate, 
usually  several  times  lobed,  narrowly  attached,  sessile,  of  light 
weight,  4-6  X  5-8  X  0.5-0.7  cm.;  surface  slightly  zonate  at 
times,  uneven,  conspicuously  adorned  with  dense,  fulvous  fibers 
arranged  in  a  radiating  manner  and  appearing  as  though  originat- 
ing from  the  tearing  of  the  cuticle,  these  fibers  gradually  wearing 
away  with  age,  leaving  the  surface  still  more  uneven  and  from 
dark- fulvous  to  chestnut  in  color;  margin  usually  rather  deeply 
and  many  times  lobed,  thin,  yellow  below  when  young;  context 
punky,  ochraceous-ferruginous,  varying  in  thickness  from  I  to  3 
mm.;  tubes  reaching  4  mm.  in  length,  pale-avellaneous  within, 
corky;  mouths  minute,  circular,  3-5  to  a  mm.,  flavomelleous 
when  young,  becoming  avellaneous  or  umbrinous  and  finally 
chestnut  with  age,  glistening,  edges  uneven,  rather  thick  at  first, 
thin  and  lacerate  with  age;  cystidia  fulvous,  ventricose  at  the 
base,  tapering  to  a  point,  rather  abundant,  20-40  X  5-7  M- 

Collected  three  or  four  times  in  abundance  on  fallen  dead 
trunks  in  a  moist  virgin  forest  in  the  Tepeite  Valley,  near 
Cuernavaca,  Mexico.  This  interesting  species  has  the  habit  of 
Hapalopilus  gilvus  and  a  surface  covering  similar  to  that  of 
Pyropolyporus  sarcitus.  It  is  strictly  annual  and  of  light  weight. 
No  very  near  relative  is  known. 

9.     CORIOLOPSIS  FUMOSA  Murrill 

Pileus  small,  thin,  slightly  flexible,  somewhat  bell-shaped, 
attached  by  the  vertex  to  the  under  side  of  a  dead  branch, 
laterally  connate,  0.7  X  1.3  X  0.1-0.2  cm.;  surface  tomentose, 
narrowly  concentrically  zonate-sulcate,  fulvous  to  bay,  margin 
thin,  undulate,  fumosous  beneath  on  drying;  context  fulvous,  soft 
and  spongy  above,  with  a  rather  firm,  fibrous  layer  next  to  the 
tubes;  hymenium  dark-f umosous-umbrinous ;  tubes  less  than  I 
mm.  long,  murinous  within,  firm,  mouths  regular,  angular, 
very  minute,  8-10  to  a  mm.,  edges  very  thin,  entire. 

Collected  once  on  dead  wood  in  a  moist  virgin  forest  near 
Jalapa,  Mexico. 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  59 

10.      CORIOLOPSIS   CAPERATIFORMIS   Murrill 

Pileus  slightly  flexible  to  rigid,  dimidiate,  broadly  attached, 
decurrent,  applanate  or  slightly  convex,  2.5-3.5  X  4-6  X  0.2-0.7 
cm.;  surface  shaggy  with  coarse,  fulvous-bay  hairs  5  mm.  in 
length,  which  gradually  wear  away  with  age  and  allow  the  fulvous 
or  bay,  zonate-sulcate  surface  to  appear;  margin  undulate  or 
lobed,  thin,  hairy  to  finely  tomentose;  context  thin,  firm,  almost 
woody,  fulvous;  tubes  1.5-2.5  mm.  long,  avellaneous-umbrinous 
within,  mouths  circular  or  irregular,  not  angular,  3-5  to  a  mm., 
edges  rather  thick,  firm,  entire,  avellaneous  to  umbrinous. 

Collected  three  times  on  dead  wood  in  a  moist  virgin  forest 
near  Motzorongo,  Mexico. 

ii.     CORIOLOPSIS  VITTATA  (Ellis  &  Macbr.)  Murrill 

Pileus  very  thin,  flexible,  coriaceous,  laterally  connate,  effused- 
reflexed,  2-3  X  6-10  cm.,  the  reflexed  portion  0.5-1  cm.  long, 
2  to  many  cm.  broad,  scarcely  a  mm.  thick;  surface  tomentose, 
zonate,  fulvous  to  bay-black,  the  zones  nearly  glabrous;  margin 
very  thin,  sterile,  isabelline,  undulate  to  lobed,  deflexed  at  times; 
context  extremely  thin,  less  than  half  a  mm.,  tawny-bay,  mem- 
branous; tubes  short,  scarcely  a  mm.  long,  whitish-cinereous 
within,  mouths  large,  regular,  subhexagonal,  2  to  a  mm.,  edges 
thin,  firm,  subentire  to  fimbriate  or  slightly  lacerate,  cinereous 
or  grayish  to  umbrinous. 

Occasional  on  fallen  dead  deciduous  branches  in  Mexico, 
Nicaragua,  and  Jamaica. 

12.     CORIOLOPSIS  VIBRATILIS  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill 

Pileus  resupinate  to  shortly  reflexed,  thin,  corky,  1-3  mm. 
thick;  surface  finely  tomentose,  gilvous-umbrinous,  azonate, 
anoderm;  margin  sterile,  rather  thick,  entire  or  undulate;  con- 
text membranous,  I  mm.  in  diameter,  soft-corky,  purplish- 
umbrinous;  tubes  short,  1-2  mm.,  avellaneous  within,  mouths 
minute,  regular,  hexagonal,  glistening,  stuffed  when  young,  7-8 
to  a  mm.,  edges  very  thin,  entire  or  slightly  toothed,  purplish- 
umbrinous. 

Found  once  on  dead  wood  in  Cuba. 

13.    CORIOLOPSIS  NIGROCINEREA  Murrill 

Pileus  attached  by  a  scutate  disk  or  small  tubercle,  dimidiate  to 
circular,  subimbricate,  thin,  coriaceous,  2-3  X  3-5  X  0.2-0.5 
cm.;  surface  hispid-tomentose,  zonate,  concentrically  striate, 


60  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

fuliginous  to  jet-black;  margin  pallid,  thin,  entire  to  undulate, 
velvety;  context  membranous,  fibrous,  umbrinous  to  fuliginous, 
1-2  mm.  thick;  tubes  short,  1-2  mm.  long,  chalk- white  within, 
mouths  circular  to  angular,  becoming  more  or  less  irregular 
and  uneven,  about  3  to  a  mm.,  edges  avellaneous  to  cinereous, 
firm,  subentire,  rather  thin. 

Found  once  on  an  old  pole  on  the  summit  of  El  Yunque,  Cuba. 

14.     CORIOLOPSIS  CAPERATA  (Berk.)  Murrill 

Pileus  thin,  coriaceous,  flexible,  dimidiate  to  flabelliform, 
narrowly  attached,  often  laterally  connate  and  subimbricate, 
sometimes  decurrent,  4-7  X  5-8  X  0.2-0.3  cm.;  surface  con- 
spicuously tomentose,  becoming  aculeate,  zonate,  especially 
with  age,  uneven,  isabelline  to  umbrinous,  with  bay  or  blackish 
zones;  margin  thin,  undulate  to  lobed,  sterile,  almost  white; 
context  thin,  punky  above,  corky  below,  umbrinous-chestnut, 
2-4  mm.  thick;  tubes  short,  avellaneous  within,  1-2.5  mm.  long, 
mouths  circular  to  subangular,  regular,  even,  3-4  to  a  mm.,  edges 
rather  thick,  firm,  entire,  pale-isabelline  or  grayish-avellaneous 
to  pale-umbrinous ;  spores  8-10  X  3-4  M- 

Common  on  dead  wood  throughout. 

15.    CORIOLOPSIS  SUBGLABRESCENS  Murrill 

Pileus  slightly  flexible  to  rigid,  sometimes  reviving  for  several 
seasons  and  presenting  the  appearance  of  a  very  thin  Pyro- 
polyporus,  dimidiate  to  reniform,  narrowly  attached,  decurrent, 
usually  applanate,  4-6  X  7-12  X  0.4-1  cm.;  surface  tomentose, 
sulcate,  umbrinous  to  bay  or  blackish,  becoming  glabrous  and 
bay-black;  margin  pallid,  entire,  acute;  context  thin,  corky, 
purplish-umbrinous,  2-3  mm.  thick,  becoming  indurate  and 
blackish-encrusted  above  with  age;  tubes  grayish-umbrinous, 
often  stratose,  especially  behind,  2-4  mm.  long,  mouths  circular, 
minute,  regular,  5-6  to  a  mm.,  edges  thick,  entire,  firm,  avel- 
laneous-isabelline  to  pale-umbrinous. 

Frequent  on  dead  wood  in  Cuba,  Porto  Rico,  and  Jamaica. 

24.     FUNALIA   Pat. 

Hymenophore  annual,  epixylous,  sessile,  dimidiate,  often  semi- 
resupinate;  surface  anoderm,  hairy  to  aculeate;  context  light- 
brown,  more  or  less  duplex,  spongy  above,  coriaceous  to  woody 
below;  tubes  usually  large,  thin- walled,  more  or  less  lacerate; 
spores  smooth,  hyaline. 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  61 

Context  very  thin,  1—2  mm. 

Surface  villose,  with  simple  hairs;  hymenium  pale-rose-tinted 

when  fresh.  i.  F.  versatilis. 

Surface  strigose,  with  branched  hairs;  hymenium  pallid  to 

brown.  2.  F.  cladotricha. 

Context  usually  quite  thick,  3—15  mm. 

Surface  hispid.  3.  F.  hispidula. 

Surface  aculeate.  4.  F.  aculeifer. 

I.     FUNALIA  VERSATILIS  (Berk.)  Murrill 

Pileus  effused-reflexed,  imbricate,  laterally  connate,  coriaceous, 
the  reflexed  portion  2-3  X  3-6  X  0.3-0.8  cm. ;  surface  villose, 
spuriously  and  opaquely  zoned,  grayish-white,  becoming  um- 
brinous  to  ferruginous  behind  with  age;  margin  thin,  acute, 
concolorous,  undulate  to  lobed;  context  pallid,  very  thin,  mem- 
branous, fibrous,  scarcely  a  mm.  thick;  tubes  slender,  5-7  mm. 
long,  isabelline  within,  mouths  very  variable  in  size  and  shape, 
0.5-2  mm.  broad,  circular  to  angular  or  slightly  daedaleoid, 
edges  thin,  entire  to  toothed,  grayish-isabelline,  pale-rose-tinted 
when  fresh;  spores  oblong-allantoid,  6-8  X  2-4  /*. 

Common  throughout  on  dead  deciduous  and  coniferous  wood. 
Funalia  villosa  (Sw.)  Murrill  is  not  distinct.  Boletus  villosus  Sw. 
is  Coriolus  pinsitus  (Fries)  Pat.,  but  Swartz'  name  cannot  be 
used  because  B.  villosus  Huds.  has  priority. 

2.     FUNALIA  CLADOTRICHA  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill 

Pileus  dimidiate,  sometimes  effused-reflexed,  2-5  X  3-8  X 
0.5-0.8  cm.;  surface  brown,  conspicuously  covered  with  branched, 
strigose  hairs,  which  are  somewhat  concentrically  arranged  in 
zones,  especially  near  the  margin,  which  is  thin,  concolorous, 
undulate;  context  thin,  soft-corky  to  spongy,  brown,  1-2  mm. 
thick;  tubes  long,  uneven,  irregular  and  variable  in  size,  grayish- 
brown  within,  3-7  mm.  long,  mouths  angular  to  daedaleoid, 
averaging  I  mm.  in  breadth,  edges  thin,  uneven  to  lacerate- 
too  thed,  brown  or  grayish-umbrinous. 

Found  once  on  dead  wood  in  Cuba. 

3.     FUNALIA  HISPIDULA  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill 

Pileus  small,  undulate,  dimidiate,  1-2  X  2-4.5  X  0.5-1  cm.; 
surface  ferruginous-umbrinous,  hispid,  azonate,  anoderm;  margin 
thick,  at  least  when  young,  subtomentose,  slightly  paler,  sterile; 
context  zonate,  fibrose-corky,  shining-isabelline,  3-7  mm.  thick; 
tubes  concolorous  with  the  context,  short,  mouths  circular  and 
5 


62  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

widely  separated  by  thick  dissepiments  when  young,  0.5-1  mm. 
broad,  pale-ferruginous,  becoming  darker  with  age. 
Found  several  times  on  dead  wood  in  Cuba. 

4.     FUNALIA  ACULEIFER  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill 

Pileus  irregularly  effused  to  imbricate  and  dimidiate,  triangular 
in  section,  0.5-1  X  1-2  X  0.5-1.5  cm.;  surface  isabelline,  very 
uneven,  broken  up  into  projections,  which  vary  in  size  and  are 
decorated  with  rigid  cylindric  or  flattened  latericeous  aculeae; 
margin  thin,  pallid,  often  indefinite  or  very  irregular;  context 
white,  spongy,  0.5-1  mm.  thick,  penetrated  by  the  aculeae; 
tubes  very  irregular  in  size  and  shape,  2-3  mm.  long,  white 
within,  mouths  polygonal  to  radially  elongate,  averaging  about 
I  mm.  in  width,  edges  thin,  uneven  to  toothed  or  lacerate. 

Collected  a  few  times  on  dead  wood  in  Cuba  and  once  at 
Jalapa,  Mexico;  also  in  South  America. 

25.     TRICHAPTUM  Murrill 

Hymenophore  annual,  epixylous,  sessile,  dimidiate;  context 
brown,  firm  and  leathery  below,  very  loosely  fibrous  and  darker 
above;  tubes  short,  thin-walled,  mouths  polygonal,  at  times 
becoming  labyrinthiform ;  spores  smooth,  hyaline. 

i.    TRICHAPTUM  TRICHOMALLUM  (Berk.  &  Mont.)  Murrill 

Pileus  effused-reflexed,  laterally  connate,  sometimes  covering 
the  entire  under  surface  of  dead  logs,  the  reflexed  portion  dimid- 
iate, conchate,  i-io  cm.  long,  5  to  many  cm.  broad,  5-10  mm. 
thick,  thicker  by  overlapping ;  surface  fuliginous  to  almost  black, 
sometimes  zonate,  very  conspicuously  ornamented  with  long 
intricately-branched  hairs;  margin  thin,  sterile,  concolorous, 
somewhat  inflexed  on  drying;  context  light-brown,  membranous 
below,  very  loosely  fibrous  and  darker  above,  the  entire  plant, 
with  the  exception  of  the  tubes  and  the  very  thin  layer  to  which 
they  are  attached,  being  composed  of  the  loose  branched  fibers 
mentioned  above;  tubes  short,  1-3  mm.  long,  avellaneous  within, 
mouths  angular,  often  irregular  and  sometimes  daedaleoid,  about 
0.5  mm.  broad,  edges  thin,  entire,  avellaneous,  soon  becoming 
lacerate  or  irpiciform. 

Frequent  throughout  on  dead  logs.     A  very  striking  species. 

26.     HAPALOPILUS  P.  Karst. 

Hymenophore  annual,  rarely  perennial,  epixylous,  sessile, 
dimidiate,  simple  or  imbricate;  surface  anoderm,  rarely  pellicu- 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  63 

lose,  zonate  or  azonate,  usually  brown  and  glabrous;  context 
brown,  leathery  or  corky,  tough  or  rarely  friable  when  dry; 
hymenium  usually  differently  colored,  tubes  small,  thin-walled; 
spores  small,  usually  ovoid,  hyaline. 

Context  rigid;  pileus  azonate  or  with  few  and  indefinite  markings,     i.  H.  gilvus. 
Context  flexible  when  hymenophore  is  expanded ;  pileus  plainly 

and  definitely  multizonate.  2.  H.  licnoides. 

i.    HAPALOPILUS  GILVUS  (Schw.)  Murrill 

Pileus  corky,  dimidiate,  imbricate,  applanate  or  conchate, 
3-6  X  5-10  X  0.5-1.5  cm.;  surface  finely  tomentose  to  glabrous, 
azonate,  isabelline  to  fulvous,  often  marked  with  indistinct 
purplish -fuscous  bands,  rugulose  to  uneven;  margin  thin,  fer- 
ruginous, entire  to  undulate,  abruptly  sterile;  context  ferruginous, 
fibrous-spongy  to  corky,  zonate,  3-7  mm.  thick;  tubes  short, 
slender,  avellaneous  to  grayish-umbrinous  within,  3-5  mm.  long, 
often  found  stratified,  especially  in  the  tropics,  mouths  small, 
regular,  circular  to  angular,  6-8  to  a  mm.,  edges  at  first  thick, 
pale-ferruginous,  becoming  thin,  entire,  glistening,  olivaceous- 
fuscous  to  purplish -f  uscous ;  spores  elongate-ellipsoid,  4-6 
X  2-4/4;  cystidia  chestnut-colored,  ovate-subulate,  15-20  X 
4-5  M- 

Very  common  throughout  on  dead  wood  of  broad-leaved  trees. 

2.     HAPALOPILUS  LICNOIDES  (Mont.)  Murrill 

Pileus  thin,  coriaceous,  flexible,  imbricate,  dimidiate,  often 
narrowly  attached,  applanate  or  conchate,  3-6  X  4-8  X  0.2-0.5 
cm. ;  surface  multizonate,  concentrically  striate,  finely  tomentose 
to  partially  glabrous,  rather  smooth,  subshining,  fulvous  with 
bay  zones;  margin  very  thin,  entire,  ferruginous;  context  thin, 
ferruginous  to  fulvous,  fibrous-spongy,  I  mm.  thick;  tubes 
short,  1-2  mm.,  fulvous,  glaucous  near  the  mouths,  which  are 
very  minute,  regular,  circular,  7-9  to  a  mm.,  edges  thick,  entire, 
pale-ferruginous  to  purplish-ferruginous;  spores  ellipsoid  or 
subglobose,  3-4X2-3/1;  cystidia  subulate,  chestnut-colored, 
15-25  X  6  /*. 

Very  common  throughout  on  various  kinds  of  dead  wood. 

27.    FAVOLUS  Beauv. 

Hymenophore  small,  annual,  epixylous,  sessile,  dimidiate  or 
reniform;  surface  multizonate,  margin  thin;  context  thin, 
leathery,  isabelline  or  fulvous;  tubes  alveolar;  spores  smooth, 
hyaline. 


64  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

Tubes  visible  to  the  unaided  eye. 

Surface  marked  with  white  and  light-brown  zones.  i.  F.  tennis. 

Surface  variegated  with  dark-brown  and  purple  zones.  2.  F.  variegatus. 

Tubes  invisible  to  the  unaided  eye.  3.  F.  tenuiformis. 

i.     FAVOLUS  TENUIS  (Hook.)  Murrill 

Pileus  coriaceous,  reniform,  conchate  or  applanate,  narrowly 
attached  behind,  3-6  X  5-11  X  0.1-0.3  cm.;  surface  glabrous, 
polished,  pale-wood-colored  to  avellaneous-umbrinous,  repeatedly 
narrowly  zonate;  margin  very  thin,  usually  entire  or  slightly 
undulate;  context  membranous,  pale-isabelline,  0.5-1  mm.  thick; 
tubes  very  short,  1-2  mm.  long,  avellaneous  within,  mouths 
alveolar,  circular  to  hexagonal,  exceedingly  variable  in  size  in 
different  collections,  averaging  0.5-1  mm.  in  diameter,  edges 
rather  thick,  firm,  entire. 

Common  throughout  on  dead  hardwood  trunks  and  branches. 

2.     FAVOLUS  VARIEGATUS  (Berk.)  Murrill 

Pileus  dimidiate  to  reniform,  thin,  coriaceous,  4-6  X  8-12  X 
0.1-0.4  cm.;  surface  radiate-rugose,  multizonate,  velvety,  be- 
coming glabrous,  chestnut-colored,  variegated  with  chocolate- 
brown  or  bay-brown  tints;  margin  very  thin,  slightly  paler, 
blackening  when  bruised,  entire  to  lobed;  context  very  thin, 
I  mm.  or  less  thick,  fibrous,  isabelline  to  umbrinous;  tubes  very 
short,  pale-umbrinous  within,  scarcely  a  mm.  long,  alveolar, 
subcircular  to  hexagonal,  1-2  to  a  mm.,  edges  rather  thick, 
firm,  even,  pallid  to  pale-umbrinous. 

Occasional  throughout  on  dead  wood.  Abundant  in  some 
parts  of  southern  Florida,  where  the  hymenophores  often  reach 
a  foot  in  diameter  and  are  locally  known  as  "spirit-cups." 

3.     FAVOLUS  TENUIFORMIS  Murrill 

Pileus  very  thin,  coriaceous,  flexible,  fan-shaped,  applanate, 
narrowly  attached,  2  X  2.5  X  0.1-0.2  cm.;  surface  glabrous, 
shining,  zonate,  slightly  radiate-rugose,  umbrinous  to  pale- 
chestnut,  margin  very  thin,  entire,  concolorous;  context  light- 
fulvous,  membranous,  as  thin  as  paper;  tubes  less  than  i  mm. 
long,  avellaneous-umbrinous  within,  mouths  circular,  irregular, 
6  to  a  mm.,  edges  fuliginous,  at  first  thick,  becoming  rather  thin, 
firm,  entire. 

Collected  once  on  dead  wood  in  a  dense  jungle  at  Tecoman, 
near  Colima,  Mexico.  This  species  resembles  Favolus  tennis, 
but  has  much  smaller  tubes,  the  mouths  being  invisible  to  the 
unaided  eye. 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  65 

28.     FLAVIPORUS  Murrill 

Hymenium  annual,  often  reviving,  epixylous,  sessile,  dimidiate, 
imbricate;  surface  encrusted,  glabrous;  context  thick,  woody, 
brown;  hymenium  yellow  to  orange;  tubes  thin-walled,  minute, 
regular;  spores  smooth,  hyaline. 

Hymenium  pale-lemon-yellow.  i.  F.  rufoflavus. 

Hymenium  deep-orange-colored.  2.  F.  crocitinctus, 

i.     FLAVIPORUS  RUFOFLAVUS  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill 

Pileus  dimidiate,  I  X  2-3  X  0.1-0.4  cm.;  surface  rufous,  thinly 
encrusted,  finely  pubescent  to  glabrous,  polished,  zonate;  margin 
thin,  undulate;  context  thin,  pallid,  less  than  I  mm.  thick; 
tubes  slender,  1-2  mm.  long,  yellowish,  mouths  very  minute, 
angular,  citrinous,  7-10  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  entire. 

Occasional  on  decaying  wood  throughout  most  of  tropical 
America;  also  in  hothouses  and  mines  in  Europe. 

2.     FLAVIPORUS  CROCITINCTUS  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill 

Pileus  hard,  rigid,  dimidiate,  laterally  connate,  subimbricate, 
3  X  5  X  0.3-0.5  cm.;  surface  brown  to  black,  thinly  encrusted, 
sulcate,  zonate,  rugose,  finely  tomentose  to  glabrous,  subshining; 
margin  thin,  finely  tomentose,  yellowish,  lobed  in  type  specimens; 
context  thin,  fibrous,  flavous  to  luteous,  scarcely  I  mm.  thick; 
tubes  slender,  2-4  mm.  long,  yellow  to  ferruginous,  mouths 
circular  to  angular,  stuffed  when  young,  4-5  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin, 
entire,  flavous  to  luteous. 

Found  once  on  decaying  wood  in  Cuba. 

29.     POGONOMYCES   Murrill 

Hymenophore  annual,  epixylous,  dimidiate-sessile  to  flabelli- 
form,  thickly  covered  with  rigid  hairs;  context  dark-brown, 
punky  to  corky;  tubes  short,  thick-walled,  light-brown,  mouths 
small,  circular;  spores  smooth,  hyaline. 

i.     POGONOMYCES  HYDNOIDES  (Sw.)  Murrill 

Pileus  dimidiate,  sessile,  often  imbricate,  conchate,  3-5  X  5-10 
X  0.5-1  cm.;  surface  zonate,  tawny-bay  to  nearly  black,  con- 
spicuously and  thickly  covered  with  rigid,  branched  fibers,  which 
often  more  or  less  disappear  with  age ;  margin  entire  or  undulate, 
pallid,  acute,  sterile  below;  context  fulvous  at  maturity,  zonate, 
punky  to  corky,  3-5  mm.  thick;  tubes  rather  long,  grayish- 
umbrinous  within,  equaling  the  thickness  of  the  context,  mouths 


66  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

small,  circular  to  somewhat  angular,  3-4  to  a  mm.,  edges  thick, 
entire,  pallid  to  umbrinous;  spores  oblong,  8-10  X  3-4  /*. 

Extremely  common  throughout  on  various  forms  of  dead  wood. 

30.     NIGROPORUS  Murrill 

Hymenium  annual,  epixylous,  dimidiate-sessile  to  flabelliform, 
glabrous;  context  dark-brown,  firm,  homogeneous;  tubes  short, 
slender,  thin-walled,  black;  spores  smooth,  hyaline. 

i.     NIGROPORUS  VINOSUS  (Berk.)  Murrill 

Pileus  thin,  dimidiate  to  reniform,  imbricate,  narrowly  at- 
tached by  a  scutate  disk  or  laterally  connate  and  broadly  de- 
current,  1-3  X  3-6  X  0.1-0.3  cm.;  surface  zonate,  finely  velvety 
to  glabrous,  obscurely  vinous-brown;  margin  yellowish  when 
young,  thin,  undulate,  often  inflexed  on  drying;  context  rigid, 
tough,  chestnut-colored,  1-2  mm.  thick;  tubes  minute,  short, 
scarcely  a  mm.  in  length,  smoky-black,  mouths  regular,  angular, 
7-9  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  entire,  vinous-brown,  pruinose  when 
young,  blackish  with  age;  spores  allantoid,  3-4  X  1-1.5  M- 

Frequent  on  dead  wood  in  Cuba,  Santo  Domingo,  Guadeloupe, 
Martinique,  and  British  Honduras. 

31.     CYCLOPORELLUS  Murrill 

Hymenophore  annual,  tough,  epixylous,  sessile,  anoderm, 
zonate;  context  thin,  fibrous,  brown;  tubes  short,  thin-walled, 
mouths  polygonal,  becoming  concentrically  elongate  in  some 
species  by  the  splitting  of  the  radial  walls;  spores  ovoid,  smooth, 
pale-ferruginous. 

i.    CYCLOPORELLUS  IODINUS  (Mont.)  Murrill 

Pileus  conchate,  thin,  umbonate-sessile,  simple  or  imbricate, 
often  radially-plicate,  2-4  X  3-5  X  0.1-0.2  cm.;  surface  densely 
concentrically  zonate,  velvety,  tawny-chestnut;  margin  thin, 
entire,  ferruginous,  deflexed  in  drying;  context  leathery,  slightly 
flexible,  fulvous;  hymenium  fuliginous,  tubes  I  mm.  or  less  in 
length,  3-7  to  a  mm.,  isabelline  within,  polygonal  and  regular, 
often  becoming  concentrically  confluent,  edges  thin,  entire, 
often  splitting  with  age;  spores  pale-ferruginous,  5X3;*; 
cystidia  dark-brown,  rather  scanty,  averaging  20  X  5  M- 

Frequent  throughout  on  dead  wood  of  frondose  trees. 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  67 

32.     INONOTUS  P.  Karst. 

Hymenophore  annual,  epixylous,  sessile,  dimidiate,  simple  or 
somewhat  imbricate,  variable  in  size;  surface  usually  anoderm, 
brown,  hairy  or  glabrous;  context  brown,  thin  and  fibrous  to 
spongy  or  corky;  hymenium  concolorous,  usually  covered  with 
whitish  powder  in  youth,  tubes  small,  thin- walled;  spores 
smooth,  light-  to  dark-brown. 

Surface  conspicuously  hairy. 

Pileus  very  thin,  1—2  mm.  i.  7.  pertenuis. 

Pileus  quite  thick,  7-20  mm.  2.  7.  fulvomelleus. 

Surface  not  conspicuously  hairy. 
Spores  deep-brown  in  color. 

Pileus  3  cm.  or  less  broad;  spores  ferruginous.  3.  I.  jamaicensis. 

Pileus  5-12  cm.  broad;  spores  fulvous. 

Tubes  minute,  2  mm.  long.  4.  7.  porrectus. 

Tubes  large,  1.5-2  cm.  long.  5.  7.  leprosus. 

Spores  faintly  tinged  with  brown. 

Tubes  invisible  to  the  unaided  eye. 

Pileus  thick,  azonate,  margin  obtuse;  hymenium 

dull.  6.  7.  corrosus. 

Pileus  thin,  zonate,  margin  very  sharp;  hymenium 

glistening.  7.  7.  Wilsonii. 

Tubes  visible  to  the  unaided  eye,  although  sometimes 

small. 
Surface  soft  and  spongy;  hymenophores  found  on 

living  shrubs,  often  encircling  the  twigs.  8.  7.  fruticum. 

Surface  not  soft  and  spongy;  hymenophores  found 

on  decaying  trunks  or  branches. 

Pileus  very  minute,  2  mm.  broad.  9.  7.  pusillus. 

Pileus  of  medium  size,  6-9  cm.  broad.  10.  7.  radiatus. 


I.     INONOTUS  PERTENUIS  Murrill 

Pileus  very  thin,  slightly  flexible,  fragile,  sessile,  densely 
imbricate,  decurrent,  laterally  connate,  conchate,  2-3  X  4-6  X 
0.1-0.2  cm.;  surface  striate,  hispid-squamulose,  anoderm,  spuri- 
ously zoned,  fulvous;  margin  very  thin,  lobed,  fimbriate, 
sharply  decurved  in  dried  specimens;  context  fulvous,  corky,  I 
mm.  or  less  thick;  tubes  ferruginous  to  fulvous,  1-1.5  rnm.  long, 
mouths  circular  to  angular,  minute,  5-6  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin, 
entire  to  lacerate,  fragile,  ferruginous  to  dark-fulvous;  spores 
ovoid,  smooth,  pale-ferruginous,  5X4/1. 

Found  once  on  dead  wood  on  El  Yunque  in  Cuba  and  once  in 
the  mountains  of  Panama. 


68  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

2.     INONOTUS  FULVOMELLEUS  Murrill 

Pileus  somewhat  irregular,  dimidiate  to  subcircular,  com- 
pressed-ungulate, 3-5  X  5-10  X  1-3  cm.;  surface  uneven,  fer- 
ruginous to  fulvous,  slightly  spuriously  zonate,  roughly  hirsute 
or  shaggy  with  dense,  branched,  fulvous  hairs;  margin  usually 
thick,  undulate,  ochraceous-luteous,  hispid;  context  radiate- 
fibrous,  luteous,  shining,  3-7  mm.  thick;  tubes  slender,  3-10 
mm.  long,  dark-melleous  within,  mouths  circular,  4-5  to  a  mm., 
regular,  covered  when  young  with  a  bright-yellow  powder, 
edges  thick,  entire,  flavous-melleous  to  melleous-f ulvous ;  spores 
ovoid,  thin-walled,  pale-ferruginous,  8  X  6/z;  cystidia  dark-red- 
dish-brown, slender,  conic,  hooked  at  the  tip,  10  /*  thick  at  the 
base,  60  /x  or  less  in  length. 

Found  a  few  times  on  dead  wood  at  high  elevations  in  the  Blue 
Mountains,  Jamaica. 

3.     INONOTUS  JAMAICENSIS  Murrill 

Pileus  dimidiate  to  triquetrous,  convex,  sessile,  attached  by  a 
broad  base,  simple  or  imbricate,  2  X  3  X  1-1.5  cm-'»  surface 
encrusted,  minutely  rugose,  cinereous  behind,  marked  toward 
the  margin  with  dark-brown  or  black  zones;  margin  regular,  often 
obtuse;  context  fibrous,  fulvous,  only  a  few  millimeters  thick; 
tubes  i  cm.  long,  4  to  a  mm.,  larger  by  confluence,  fulvous, 
polygonal  to  irregular,  edges  thin,  entire;  spores  ovoid,  smooth, 
deep-ferruginous,  i-2-guttulate,  very  copious,  7  X  5  /*• 

Found  once  on  dead  branches  on  the  Mabess  River,  Jamaica. 

4.     INONOTUS  PORRECTUS  Murrill,  sp.  nov. 

Pileus  flabelliform,  more  or  less  imbricate,  tapering  behind  or 
attached  by  a  lateral  stipitiform  base,  rarely  slightly  multiplex 
with  a  common  stipe  when  growing  on  the  top  of  the  substratum, 
6-8  X  8-10  X  0.5-1.5  cm.;  surface  uneven,  zonate,  radiate- 
rugose,  with  rather  prominent  ridges  near  the  center,  glabrous, 
fulvous  to  bay;  margin  thin,  undulate  or  lobed,  pallid  above, 
distinctly  marked  below  by  a  narrow,  yellow,  sterile  zone;  con- 
text hard,  fibrous,  zonate,  shining,  bright-ochraceous-melleous, 
thin  in  front,  reaching  I  cm.  or  more  thick  behind;  tubes  about 
2  mm.  long,  umbrinous  within,  mouths  minute,  angular,  thin- 
walled,  5-6  to  a  mm.,  edges  at  first  whitish  or  grayish,  becoming 
umbrinous  with  age;  spores  copious,  subglobose,  smooth,  fulvous, 
4-5~5-5  Ml  cystidia  none. 

Type  collected  on  a  decaying  stump  on  Caicos  Islands,  in  the 
Bahamas,  December  18,  1907,  Percy  Wilson  7748  (herb.  N.  Y. 
Bot.  Card.).  Also  collected  in  Louisiana  by  A.  B.  Langlois. 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  69 

5.     INONOTUS  LEPROSUS  (Fries)  Murrill,  comb.  nov. 

Pileus  thick,  pulvinate,  narrowly  attached  and  nearly  circular 
to  dimidiate,  5-12  cm.  broad,  3-5  cm.  thick;  surface  nearly 
smooth,  azonate,  short-tomentose  in  spots,  finally  glabrous, 
fulvous  or  chestnut  in  dried  specimens;  margin  thin,  con- 
colorous,  dark-colored  when  bruised;  context  soft,  punky, 
isabelline  to  pale-umbrinous,  2  mm.  thick  in  front,  about  I  cm. 
thick  behind;  tubes  long  and  large,  ochraceous  when  young, 
becoming  reddish-fulvous  when  bruised,  1.5-2  cm.  in  length, 
mouths  alveolar,  0.5-2  to  a  mm.,  sometimes  becoming  irregular 
and  lacerate  with  age,  edges  thin,  entire  or  at  length  deeply 
toothed;  spores  broadly  ellipsoid,  smooth,  rather  thick- walled, 
deep-fulvous,  6.5-7  X  5-6  /*;  cystidia  none. 

Found  twice  in  the  island  of  St.  John  and  once  in  Mexico,  on 
dead  wood.  This  species  was  formerly  placed  in  Favolus,  but 
recent  collections  show  it  to  belong  in  Inonotus. 

6.  INONOTUS  CORROSUS  Murrill 

Pileus  conchate,  clasping,  simple  or  imbricate,  3  X  5  X  1-4 
cm. ;  surface  ferruginous  to  fulvous,  furrowed  and  much  corroded 
in  age;  margin  entire,  obtuse,  tomentose,  honey-yellow;  context 
thick,  spongy,  fibrous,  ferruginous,  perforated  by  insects  soon 
after  maturity;  tubes  very  short,  only  i  mm.  long  each  season, 
8  to  a  mm.,  fulvous,  subcylindric,  edges  entire,  obtuse  to  acute; 
spores  lenticular,  smooth,  pale-ferruginous,  4  n  in  diameter, 
i  fj.  thick. 

Common  on  decayed  vines  and  trunks  in  southern  Florida 
and  the  West  Indies.  Closely  related  to  /.  fruticum. 

7.  INONOTUS  WILSONII  Murrill 

Pileus  dimidiate,  applanate,  sessile,  2-3  X  4-6  X  0.5  cm.; 
surface  anoderm,  velvety-tomentose,  fulvous,  marked  with  a 
few  shallow,  concentric  furrows;  margin  thin,  entire,  concolorous, 
sulcate,  deflexed  in  drying;  context  soft,  punky,  homogeneous, 
ferruginous-fulvous,  1-3  mm.  thick,  separated  from  the  tubes 
by  a  very  thin,  black  layer;  hymenium  ferruginous,  glistening; 
tubes  1-2  mm.  long,  6-9  to  a  mm.,  isabelline  within,  mouths 
polygonal,  regular,  edges  thin,  entire;  spores  lenticular,  smooth, 
pale-ferruginous,  3-4  n  in  diameter,  1-1.5  M  thick. 

Found  once  on  dead  logs  in  Honduras. 


7o  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

8.     INONOTUS  FRUTICUM  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill 

Pileus  soft,  spongy,  thin,  dimidiate  or  vertically  attached, 
1-2.5  cm.  broad,  2-5  mm.  thick;  surface  spongy- tomentose, 
azonate,  flavous  to  fulvous;  margin  thin  and  undulate,  becoming 
blackish  when  bruised;  context  flavous  to  ferruginous,  spongy, 
1-3  mm.  thick,  with  a  very  thin,  firm,  darker  layer  next  to  the 
tubes;  tubes  short,  ferruginous  to  fulvous,  about  I  mm.  long, 
mouths  angular  to  irregular,  3  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  toothed, 
ferruginous  to  fuliginous,  hoary  when  young;  spores  subglobose, 
smooth,  pale-ferruginous,  3-4  n. 

Occasional  on  living  twigs  of  orange  and  oleander  in  Cuba. 

9.     INONOTUS  PUSILLUS  Murrill 

Pileus  sessile,  convex,  flabelliform,  tapering  to  a  narrow  base, 
erumpent  from  lenticels,  2  X  2  X  0.5-1  mm. ;  surface  ferruginous 
to  fulvous,  silky-striate,  subzonate,  shining,  margin  pallid,  acute, 
often  depressed;  context  thin,  fibrous,  ferruginous;  tubes  um- 
brinous,  comparatively  large,  2-4  to  a  mm.,  polygonal,  becoming 
irregular,  much  exceeding  in  length  the  thickness  of  the  context, 
mouths  at  first  whitish-pulverulent,  dissepiments  thin,  entire; 
spores  ovoid,  5  X  3.5  n,  pale-ferruginous. 

Found  once  on  dead  branches  of  Jacguinia  at  Manzanillo, 
Mexico. 

10.     INONOTUS  RADIATUS  (Sow.)  P.  Karst. 

Pileus  corky  to  woody,  imbricate,  confluent,  sessile,  umbonate 
behind,  especially  when  young,  3-5  X  6-9  X  0.5-1  cm.;  surface 
radiate-rugose  to  very  uneven,  minutely  velvety  to  glabrous, 
fulvous  to  ferruginous-fuscous  or  almost  black  behind;  margin 
thin,  pallid,  undulate  to  lobed;  context  subzonate,  ferruginous 
to  dark-fulvous,  1-3  mm.  thick;  tubes  slender,  grayish-umbrinous 
to  fulvous,  about  5  mm.  long,  mouths  angular,  somewhat  ir- 
regular, 3-5  to  a  mm.,  edges  whitish  at  first,  becoming  dark- 
fulvous  with  age,  glistening,  thin,  fimbriate  to  lacerate;  spores 
ellipsoid,  luteolous,  4-6  X  3-4  M- 

Reported  twice  from  Cuba  by  Wright. 

33.    PHAEOLUS   Pat. 

Hymenophore  large,  irregular,  annual,  spongy  to  corky, 
epixylous;  stipe  simple,  variously  attached,  wanting  at  times; 
surface  of  pileus  anoderm,  hispid;  context  ferruginous;  tubes 
irregular,  thin- walled;  spores  ellipsoid,  smooth,  hyaline;  cystidia 
none. 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  71 

i.    PHAEOLUS  SISTOTREMOIDES  (Alb.  &  Schw.)  Murrill 

Pileus  spongy,  circular,  varying  to  dimidiate  or  irregular,  15- 
20  cm.  broad,  0.5-2  cm.  thick;  surface  setose-hispid  to  strigose- 
tomentose  and  scrupose  in  zones,  ochraceous-ferruginous  to 
fulvous-castaneous  or  darker,  quite  uneven,  somewhat  sulcate, 
obscurely  zonate;  margin  yellow,  rather  thick,  sterile;  context 
very  soft  and  spongy,  fragile  when  dry,  sometimes  indurate  with 
age,  flavous-ferruginous  to  fulvous,  0.3-0.7  mm.  thick;  tubes 
short,  2-5  mm.  long,  flavous  within,  mouths  large,  irregular, 
averaging  I  mm.  in  diameter,  edges  thin,  becoming  lacerate, 
ochraceous-olivaceous  to  fuliginous,  rose-tinted  when  young 
and  fresh,  quickly  changing  to  dark-red  when  bruised;  spores 
ellipsoid,  7-8  X  3~4M»  stipe  central  to  lateral  or  obsolete,  very 
irregular,  tubercular  or  very  short,  resembling  the  pileus  in  surface 
and  substance. 

Occasional  in  Mexico  and  Cuba  on  trunks,  stumps,  and 
roots  of  various  coniferous  trees,  causing  a  very  serious  red- 
dish-brown rot  of  the  roots  and  lower  part  of  the  trunk. 

34.     COLTRICIELLA  Murrill 

Hymenophore  small,  annual,  tough,  epixylous;  stipe  attached 
to  the  vertex  of  the  pileus;  surface  of  the  pileus  anoderm,  zonate; 
context  spongy,  fibrous,  ferruginous;  tubes  angular,  one-layered, 
dissepiments  thin;  spores  ellipsoid,  smooth,  ferruginous. 

i.    COLTRICIELLA  DEPENDENS  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill 

Hymenophore  gregarious  or  cespitose;  pileus  very  small, 
conic,  pendant,  vertically  attached,  1-2  cm.  broad,  about  i  cm. 
thick;  surface  cinnamon-colored,  soft,  elongate-striate,  sericeous, 
subzonate;  margin  acute,  fibrillose;  context  spongy,  very  thin, 
ferruginous-fulvous,  1-2  mm.  thick;  tubes  long,  5-8  mm.,  fulvous, 
mouths  large,  angular,  1-2  to  a  mm.,  smaller  near  the  margin, 
edges  thin,  toothed,  yellowish  to  fulvous;  spores  ellipsoid, 
smooth,  ferruginous,  7-8  X  3.5-4^;  stipe  central,  attached  at 
the  vertex,  cylindric,  gradually  enlarging  as  it  approaches  the 
pileus,  about  i  cm.  long,  1-3  mm.  thick,  resembling  the  pileus 
in  surface  and  substance. 

Occasional  on  decorticated  pine  wood  in  the  Carolinas  and  re- 
ported on  Liriodendron  in  Florida.  It  may  not  occur  within  our 
range  but  is  well  worth  a  careful  search. 


72  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

35.     COLTRICIA  (Micheli)  S.  F.  Gray 

Hymenophore  annual,  terrestrial  or  humus-loving,  simple, 
small  to  medium,  usually  circular  and  central-stemmed;  surface 
anoderm,  brown,  zonate  or  azonate;  context  yellowish  or  brown, 
coriaceous  to  spongy;  hymenium  concolorous,  covered  with 
yellowish  or  whitish  powder  when  young;  tubes  thin-walled,  at 
length  fimbriate;  spores  smooth,  rounded,  yellowish-brown; 
cystidia  rarely  present. 

Pileus  regularly  circular  in  outline. 

Pileus  shining-cinnamon,  strigose,  striate,  thin,  flexible, 
slightly  depressed,  the  margin  often  fimbriate  or  pseudo- 
ciliate.  i.  C.  cinnamomea. 

Pileus  dull-rusty-cinnamon  to  hoary,  velvety  to  glabrous, 
deeply  depressed,  the  margin  thicker  and  less  fim- 
briate. 

Tubes  small,  0.5  mm.  or  less  in  diameter.  2.  C.  perennis. 

Tubes  large,  i  mm.  in  diameter.  3.  C.  focicola. 

Pileus  irregular  and  variable  in  outline,  dimidiate,  reniform  or 
spatulate,  or  separated  into  several  lobes;  confined  to  the 
tropics.  4.  C.  spathulata. 

i.    COLTRICIA  CINNAMOMEA  (Jacq.)  Murrill 

Pileus  coriaceous,  thin,  circular,  umbilicate,  sometimes  deeply 
so,  1-4  cm.  in  diameter,  1-2  mm.  thick;  surface  bright-cinnamon, 
cinereous,  shining,  strigose-striate,  zonate;  margin  undulate  to 
slightly  lobed,  fimbriate,  concolorous;  context  membranous, 
concolorous,  less  than  a  mm.  thick;  tubes  pale-umbrinous 
within,  1-2  mm.  long,  slightly  decurrent,  mouths  rather  large, 
angular,  ferruginous  to  fulvous,  2-3  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  fimbri- 
ate-dentate,  collapsing  with  age;  spores  ellipsoid,  pale-yellowish- 
brown,  smooth,  6-8X4-61*',  stipe  central,  velvety,  reddish- 
fuscous,  nearly  equal,  2-4  cm.  long,  3-5  mm.  thick. 

Reported  from  Cuba  by  Wright. 

2.    COLTRICIA  PERENNIS  (L.)  Murrill 

Pileus  coriaceous,  circular,  infundibuliform,  3-6  cm.  broad, 
1.5-3  mrn-  thick;  surface  zonate,  short-tomentose,  substriate, 
ferruginous  to  cinereous,  the  zones  sometimes  glabrous  and 
chestnut-colored;  margin  very  thin,  entire  to  lacerate,  inflexed 
when  dry;  context  very  thin,  concolorous,  scarcely  a  mm.  thick; 
tubes  short,  grayish-umbrinous  within,  1-3  mm.  long,  mouths 
small,  angular,  2-4  to  a  mm.,  whitish  when  young,  becoming 
fulvous,  edges  thin,  dentate  to  lacerate,  soon  collapsing;  spores 
ovoid,  smooth,  pale-yellowish-brown,  4-6  X  2-3.5  /t;  stipe  bulb- 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  73 

ous  and  often  united  with  that  of   neighboring  plants  at   the 
base,  tapering  upward,  velvety,  ferruginous  to  fulvous,  solid, 
corky,  3-5  cm.  long,  2-5  mm.  thick. 
Found  once  at  Cuernavaca,  Mexico. 

3.     COLTRICIA  FOCICOLA  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill 

Pileus  membranous,  circular,  umbilicate,  3-6  cm.  in  diam- 
eter, 0.5-1  cm.  thick;  surface  velvety,  cinnamon  to  cinereous, 
multizonate;  margin  thin,  entire  or  undulate;  context  very  thin, 
ferruginous  to  fulvous,  scarcely  i  mm.  in  thickness;  tubes  long, 
ample,  ferruginous  to  fulvous  within,  5-8  mm.  long,  mouths 
1-2  mm.  in  diameter,  angular,  fulvous,  edges  thin,  toothed, 
becoming  lacerate  and  collapsed  with  age,  causing  the  pores  to 
appear  much  smaller  than  they  really  are;  spores  oblong-el- 
lipsoid, smooth,  pale-yellowish-brown,  abundant,  i-guttulate, 
6  X  3.5  M;  stipe  central,  cylindric,  slightly  enlarged  at  the  base, 
velvety,  ferruginous  to  fulvous,  solid,  corky,  2-3  cm.  long,  3-5 
mm.  thick. 

Reported  twice  from  Cuba  by  Wright,  but  the  specimens 
representing  one  of  these  collections,  at  least,  belong  to  a  different 
species. 

4.     COLTRICIA  SPATHULATA  (Hook.)  Murrill 

Pileus  small,  coriaceous,  multiform,  varying  from  dimidiate 
to  reniform  or  spatulate,  or  separated  into  several  distinct  lobes, 
0.5-1.5  X  1-2.5  X  0.1-0.2  cm.;  surface  narrowly  zonate,  silky, 
rarely  depressed,  flavous  to  ferruginous-fulvous  with  fulvous  or 
chestnut-colored  zones;  margin  flavous,  very  thin,  undulate  to 
lobed;  context  membranous,  very  thin,  flavous,  with  a  black 
line  near  the  surface,  scarcely  a  mm.  thick;  tubes  very  short, 
exceedingly  minute,  not  decurrent,  less  than  I  mm.  long,  mouths 
angular,  stuffed  when  young,  flavous  to  umbrinous,  about  10  to 
a  mm.,  edges  thin,  subentire;  spores  smooth,  yellowish-brown; 
stipe  lateral,  eccentric  or  erect,  irregular,  often  branched,  velvety, 
solid,  tough,  ferruginous  to  fulvous,  2-5  cm.  long,  2-4  mm.  thick. 

Frequent  throughout  on  soil  or  on  dead  wood. 

36.     CRYPTOPORUS   (Peck)  Hubbard 

Hymenophore  subglobose,  sessile,  epixylous;  surface  smooth, 
encrusted;  context  white,  corky;  tubes  white,  concealed  at  first 
by  a  volva,  which  is  perforated  at  one  or  more  points  at  maturity; 
mouths  constricted,  discolored;  spores  smooth,  hyaline. 


74 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES 


i.     CRYPTOPORUS  VOLVATUS  (Peck)  Hubbard 

Pileus  simple,  sessile,  rarely  spuriously  stipitate,  globose  to 
ungulate,  2-6  cm.  broad,  1.5-3  cm-  thick;  surface  white,  some- 
times slightly  reddish-brown,  smooth,  slightly  viscid  or  resinous 
when  young,  glabrous,  marked  with  anastomosing  depressed 
lines  in  larger  specimens;  margin  very  rounded,  concolorous, 
smooth,  produced  into  a  volva  covering  the  tubes,  at  length 
ruptured  at  1-3  points  forming  small  rounded  or  irregular  aper- 
tures; context  soft-corky,  homogeneous,  white,  2-5  mm.  thick; 
tubes  1-1.5  mm.  long,  isabelline  to  umbrinous,  mouths  angular, 
yellow  with  a  tinge  of  cinnamon,  3  to  a  mm.,  edges  thick,  be- 
coming thin,  entire;  spores  oblong,  hyaline  or  pale-flesh-colored, 
11-13  X  4-5  /*• 

Occasional  on  decayed  coniferous  trunks  in  Mexico. 


FOMES  Gill. 
ungulate    or    applanate,    epixylousJ 


37- 

Hymenophore  sessile, 
surface  anoderm  or  encrusted,  sulcate,  rarely  zonate;  context 
white,  wood-colored,  or  flesh-colored,  corky  or  woody,  rarely 
punky;  tubes  cylindric,  usually  thick- walled,  stratose;  spores 
smooth,  hyaline  or  subhyaline. 

Context  flesh-colored;  light-brown  in  faded  specimens. 

Tubes  1-2  mm.  long  each  season;  spores  ellipsoid.  i.  F.  roseus. 

Tubes  3-5  mm.  long  each  season;  spores  globose.  2.  F.  Sagraeanus. 

Context  white  or  nearly  so. 
Pileus  less  than  3  cm.  broad. 

Pileus  ungulate;  tubes  5—10  mm.  long.  3.  F.  turbinatus. 

Pileus  scutellate;  tubes  less  than  2  mm.  long.  4.  F.  scutellatus. 

Pileus  more  than  3  cm.  broad. 

Pileus  encrusted;  surface  darker  than  the  context. 
Pileus  thin,  applanate. 

Surface  zonate.  5.  F.  annosus. 

Surface  azonate.  6.  F.  subferreus. 

Pileus  thick  and  usually  ungulate. 

Marginal  zone  pallid  to  gray  or  brown.  7.  F.  ligneus. 

Marginal  zone  pallid  to  yellowish  or  reddish- 
chestnut.  8.  F.  ungulatus. 
Pileus  rarely  encrusted;  surface  concolorous  with  the 

context. 

Tubes  large,  2  to  a  mm.,  becoming  reddish  when 
bruised;  annual  strata  separated  by  thick  layers 
of  context.  9.  F.  rubritinctus. 

Tubes  small,  5-7  to  a  mm.,  not  changing  to  reddish 

when  bruised. 

Surface  zonate.  10.  F.  Auberianus.. 

Surface  azonate.  n.  F.  geotropus. 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  75 

1.  FOMES  ROSEUS  (Alb.  &  Schw.)  Cooke 

Pileus  woody,  dimidiate,  varying  from  conchate  to  ungulate, 
often  imbricate  and  longitudinally  effused,  2-4  X  6-30  X  0.5-3 
cm.;  surface  rugose,  subfasciate,  slightly  sulcate,  rosy  or  flesh- 
colored,  becoming  gray  or  black  with  age;  margin  acute,  becoming 
obtuse,  sterile,  pallid,  often  undulate;  context  floccose-fibrous  to 
corky,  rose-colored,  0.2-2  cm.  thick;  tubes  indistinctly  stratose, 
1-2  mm.  long  each  season,  mouths  circular,  3-4  to  a  mm.,  edges 
obtuse,  concolorous;  spores  ellipsoid,  smooth,  thick-walled, 
subhyaline,  3.5  X  6  ju. 

Found  once  at  Jalapa,  Mexico,  and  a  few  times  in  the  Ber- 
mudas; reported  once  from  Cuba  by  Wright.  It  is  easily  con- 
fused with  F.  Sagraeanus. 

2.  FOMES  SAGRAEANUS  (Mont.)  Murrill 

Pileus  corky  to  woody,  dimidiate,  sessile,  conchate  or  appla- 
nate,  often  irregular,  4-6  X  5-10  X  0.5-2  cm. ;  surface  anoderm, 
velvety,  azonate,  avellaneous,  subsulcate,  becoming  glabrous, 
brown  or  black,  and  horny-encrusted  with  age;  margin  thin, 
concolorous;  context  corky,  flesh-colored  or  light-brown,  1-3  mm. 
thick;  tubes  indistinctly  stratified,  pale-rose-colored,  3-5  mm. 
long  each  season,  often  found  in  one  layer  only,  mouths  circular, 

5  to  a  mm.,  edges  obtuse,  entire,  roseous,  becoming  discolored 
with  age;  spores  globose,  smooth,  subhyaline  or  slightly  smoky, 

6  |i. 

Frequent  in  many  parts  of  the  region  on  dead  logs  and  stumps. 

3.     FOMES  TURBINATUS  (Pat.)  Murrill,  comb.  nov. 

Pileus  usually  conic,  pendant,  and  vertically  attached,  but 
sometimes  dimidiate-sessile  and  ungulate,  1-2  cm.  broad  and 
high;  surface  smooth  or  slightly  sulcate,  glabrous,  pale-yellow 
to  brownish-yellow,  margin  entire,  white;  context  thin,  soft- 
corky,  pale-isabelline ;  tubes  very  long,  reaching  I  cm.,  not 
distinctly  stratified,  isabelline  within,  mouths  minute,  con- 
stricted, milk-white  when  young,  the  edges  at  first  very  obtuse; 
spores  globose,  smooth,  hyaline,  4-6  ju;  conidia  ovoid,  smooth, 
hyaline,  12-14  X  6-8  /*. 

This  species  was  originally  described  from  Venezuela,  occurring 
there  on  decayed  branches.  It  has  since  been  collected  occa- 
sionally in  Guadeloupe ;  at  Castleton  Gardens  and  Chester  Vale, 
Jamaica;  and  on  dead  limbs  and  decayed  standing  trunks  in 
western  Cuba.  It  greatly  resembles  F.  ohiensis  in  appearance 
and  habit,  but  has  much  longer,  smaller  tubes. 


76  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

4.     FOMES  SCUTELLATUS  (Schw.)  Cooke 

Pileus  woody,  dimidiate  or  scutellate,  concave  below,  0.5-0.7 
X  1-1.5  X  0.3-0.5  cm.;  surface  rugose,  tuberculose,  zonate, 
fuscous-black;  margin  acute,  deflexed,  pallid  to  light-brown; 
context  woody,  indistinctly  zonate,  isabelline,  2-3  mm.  thick; 
tubes  indistinctly  stratified,  1-1.5  mm.  long  each  season,  isa- 
belline within,  mouths  subcircular  to  rhomboid,  4  to  a  mm., 
edges  rather  thin,  obtuse,  entire,  chalk-white,  becoming  avel- 
laneous. 

Occasional  on  dead  deciduous  wood  at  Jalapa,  Mexico. 

5.    FOMES  ANNOSUS  (Fries)  Cooke 

Pileus  woody,  dimidiate,  very  irregular,  conchate  to  applanate, 
10-13  X  5-8  X  0.5-2  cm.;  surface  at  first  velvety,  rugose, 
anoderm,  light-brown,  becoming  thinly  encrusted,  zonate,  and 
finally  black  with  age;  margin  pallid,  acute,  becoming  thicker; 
context  soft-corky  to  woody,  white,  0.3-0.5  cm.  thick;  tubes 
unevenly  stratified,  2-8  mm.  long  each  season,  white,  mouths 
subcircular  to  irregular,  3-4  to  a  mm.,  edges  rather  thin,  entire, 
firm,  white,  unchanging;  spores  subglobose  or  ellipsoid,  smooth, 
hyaline,  5-6  X  4-5  M- 

Reported  twice  by  Wright  on  pine  logs  in  Cuba. 

6.     FOMES  SUBFERREUS  Murrill 

Pileus  corky  to  woody,  conchate  or  applanate,  imbricate, 
usually  longitudinally  effused,  3-9  X  5-15  X  1-2  cm.;  surface 
velvety,  rugose-striate,  slightly  sulcate,  black,  with  traces  of 
purple,  becoming  glabrous  and  gray  with  age;  margin  subobtuse, 
pallid,  marked  with  purplish-black  blotches;  context  punky, 
isabelline,  0.5-1  cm.  thick;  tubes  unevenly  stratified,  2-3  mm. 
long  each  season,  glistening- white,  discolored  in  the  older  layers, 
mouths  circular,  5  to  a  mm.,  edges  obtuse,  glistening,  milk-white 
to  avellaneous  or  isabelline;  spores  globose,  smooth,  hyaline,  3  p. 

Occasional  on  hardwood  logs  in  Cuba,  western  Jamaica,  Costa 
Rica,  and  Honduras. 

7.     FOMES  LIGNEUS  (Berk.)  Cooke 

Pileus  very  hard,  applanate  or  ungulate,  5-10  X  13-15  X  4-8 
cm.;  surface  smooth,  sulcate,  dark-brown  or  black,  becoming 
horny-encrusted  and  shining  with  age;  margin  obtuse,  pallid; 
context  hard  and  woody,  white  to  pale-umbrinous,  0.5-1  cm. 
thick,  extremely  scanty  in  old  specimens;  tubes  evenly  stratified, 
3-5  mm.  long  each  season,  white,  mouths  minute,  circular,  3-4 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  77 

to  a  mm.,  edges  obtuse,  white  or  slightly  avellaneous;  spores 
subglobose  or  ovoid,  smooth,  hyaline,  7  X  6  p. 

Occasional  on  dead  wood  throughout  most  of  tropical  America. 

8.     FOMES  UNGULATUS  (Schaeff.)  Sacc. 

Pileus  corky  to  woody,  ungulate,  8-15  X  12-40  X  6-10  cm.; 
surface  glabrous,  sulcate,  reddish-brown  to  gray  or  black,  often 
resinous;  margin  at  first  acute  to  tumid,  pallid,  becoming  yellow- 
ish or  reddish-chestnut;  context  woody,  pallid,  0.5-1  cm.  thick; 
tubes  distinctly  stratified,  3-5  .mm.  long  each  season,  white  to 
isabelline,  mouths  circular,  3-5  to  a  mm.,  edges  obtuse,  white  to 
cream-colored;  spores  ovoid,  smooth,  6  /z. 

Reported  once  by  Wright  on  pine  trunks  in  Cuba. 

9.     FOMES  RUBRITINCTUS  Murrill 

A  large  perennial  plant  of  many  layers,  the  upper  partly  dead 
and  discolored,  the  lower  smooth,  light-colored,  and  anoderm, 
with  large  pores,  which  become  dark-red  when  bruised;  pileus 
corky  to  woody,  dimidiate,  convex,  4-12  X  5-15  X  3-10  cm.; 
surface  anoderm,  smooth,  velvety  to  the  touch,  white  or  pallid, 
becoming  dark-brown  and  roughened  with  age;  margin  obtuse, 
sterile,  concolorous;  context  corky,  becoming  woody,  pallid, 
1.5  cm.  thick;  tubes  unevenly  stratified,  the  layers  separated  by 
unusually  thick  cushions  of  context,  0.5-1  cm.  long  each  season, 
2  to  a  mm.,  isabelline  within,  becoming  umbrinous  in  the  older 
layers,  mouths  subcircular  or  polygonal,  edges  thin,  isabelline, 
becoming  dark-red  when  bruised;  spores  globose  to  ovoid,  5-7  /x 
long,  the  wall  of  medium  thickness. 

Collected  once  on  dead  trunks  in  Nicaragua. 

10.     FOMES  AUBERIANUS  (Mont.)  Murrill 

Pileus  woody,  conchate  to  pulverulent,  4-10  X  7-15  X  1-2 
cm.;  surface  glabrous,  rugose,  radiate-striate,  zonate,  isabelline 
to  light-fulvous;  margin  thin  but  usually  obtuse,  pallid,  turning 
bay  when  bruised,  ungulate  to  lobed,  deflexed;  context  corky  to 
woody,  almost  white,  0.5-1.5  cm.  thick;  tubes  distinctly  stratose, 
3-7  mm.  long  each  season,  fulvous  within,  mouths  circular  to 
angular,  minute,  6-7  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  entire,  light-bay, 
darker  when  bruised,  subglistening;  spores  globose,  3  ju. 

Common  throughout  on  dead  or  wounded  hardwood  trunks. 


78  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

ii.    FOMES  GEOTROPUS  Cooke 

Pileus  woody,  conchate,  very  thick  behind,  6-12  X  10-20 
X  2-4  cm.;  surface  pruinose  to  glabrous,  roughly  rugose,  ano- 
derm,  azonate,  irregularly  concentrically  undulate,  stramineous 
to  cremeous;  margin  tumid,  pallid,  brownish  when  bruised, 
slightly  undulate,  deflexed;  context  corky,  pallid  to  isabelline, 
0.5-1.3  cm.  thick;  tubes  distinctly  stratified,  0.5-1.5  cm.  long 
each  season,  pale-chestnut-colored,  fading  out  in  the  older 
layers,  mouths  circular,  minute,  5  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  entire, 
rose-colored  when  fresh,  becoming  darker  and  discolored  with 
age  or  when  bruised. 

Frequent  on  living  and  dead  trunks  in  many  parts  of  tropical 
America,  causing  serious  decay. 

38.     FOMITELLA   Murrill 

Hymenophore  sessile,  at  times  semiresupinate,  applanate, 
epixylous;  surface  glabrous,  anoderm  to  encrusted,  sulcate 
with  age ;  context  woody  or  slightly  punky,  brownish-olivaceous, 
rarely  varying  to  pallid;  tubes  minute,  cylindric,  usually  thick- 
walled,  more  or  less  stratose  at  maturity;  spores  smooth,  hyaline. 

Tubes  5  to  a  mm.  i.  F.  supina. 

Tubes  1-2  to  a  mm.  2.  F.fumoso-avellanea. 

i.    FOMITELLA  SUPINA  (Sw.)  Murrill 

Pileus  rigid,  corky  to  woody,  dimidiate,  thin,  sessile,  imbricate, 
plane  or  concave  below,  4-6  X  5-10  X  0.5-1  cm.;  surface  finely 
tomentose  to  glabrous,  azonate,  smooth  or  rugose,  varying  from 
white  to  umbrinous,  often  blotched  with  purple  or  entirely 
purplish-black  behind;  context  corky,  zonate,  greenish-isabelline 
to  olivaceous,  2-6  mm.  thick;  tubes  normally  perennial,  annual 
in  many  specimens,  indistinctly  stratose,  1-3  mm.  long  each 
season,  isabelline  to  grayish-umbrinous  within,  mouths  circular, 
rarely  elongate,  5  to  a  mm.,  edges  rather  thin  at  maturity,  entire 
but  slightly  uneven,  isabelline  to  umbrinous;  spores  globose, 
smooth,  4  /*. 

Very  common  throughout  on  various  forms  of  dead  wood. 

2.    FOMITELLA  FUMOSO-AVELLANEA  (Romell)  Murrill 

Pileus  corky,  sessile,  imbricate,  decurrent,  applanate,  convex 
below,  triangular  in  section,  2-4  X  5-10  X  1-2.5  cm.;  surface 
anoderm,  tomentose,  uneven,  azonate,  opaque,  dull-colored, 
avellaneous  to  umbrinous;  margin  usually  thin,  isabelline,  rarely 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  79 

purplish-tinted,  smooth,  entire;  context  soft-corky,  homo- 
geneous, olivaceous-umbrinous,  5  mm.  thick;  tubes  indistinctly 
stratified,  3-5  mm.  long  each  season,  avellaneous  to  umbrinous, 
mouths  angular,  somewhat  irregular,  1-2  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin, 
entire,  umbrinous,  purplish-tinted  in  some  specimens;  spores 
obliquely  ellipsoid,  smooth,  3.5-4  X  2  /*. 

Occasional  on  dead  trunks  in  Mexico  and  Central  America. 

39.     PYROPOLYPORUS  Murrill 

Hymenophore  large,  perennial,  epixylous,  sessile,  ungulate  or 
applanate;  surface  sulcate,  usually  anoderm  and  often  rough  or 
rimose;  context  woody  or  punky,  brown;  tubes  brown,  cylindric, 
stratose,  usually  thick- walled ;  spores  smooth,  hyaline. 

Pileus  applanate. 

Context  red.  i.  P.  albomarginatus. 

Context  flavous  to  luteous.  2.  P.  Haematoxyli. 

Context  ferruginous  to  fulvous. 

Hymenium  isabelline  to  fulvous.  3.  P.  Baccharidis. 

Hymenium  chestnut-brown.  4.  P.  Robinsoniae. 

Pileus  ungulate. 

Hymenium  roseocinereous  to  smoky-gray.  5.  P.  roseocinereus. 

Hymenium  ferruginous  to  fulvous. 

Context  ferruginous;  surface  dark-brown,  marked 
with  narrow,  black,  concentric  lines;  tubes  thin- 
walled,  5  to  a  mm.  6.  P.  inflexibilis. 
Context  tawny;  surface  black,  without  lines  and  more 
sulcate;  tubes  smaller,  thick-walled,  7  to  a  mm.        7.  P.  Calkinsii. 

i.     PYROPOLYPORUS  ALBOMARGINATUS  (L6v.)  Murrill 

Pileus  corky  to  woody,  dimidiate,  sessile,  thin  and  conchate  or 
thick  and  applanate,  5-15  X  10-25  X  1.5-5  cm.;  surface  sulcate- 
zonate,  velvety  or  scabrous  to  glabrous,  latericeous,  paler  red 
on  the  marginal  zone  and  white  on  the  immediate  margin;  con- 
text punky  to  corky,  orange-red  to  cinnabar-red ;  tubes  distinctly 
stratified  in  older  specimens,  minute,  about  6  to  a  mm.,  whitish 
to  dark-ferruginous,  the  edges  entire. 

This  very  conspicuous  and  beautiful  species  is  widely  dis- 
tributed throughout  the  oriental  tropics,  having  been  found 
several  times  in  the  Philippine  Islands.  The  only  specimens 
obtained  within  our  range  were  collected  in  British  Honduras  in 
1907.  These  represent  the  thin,  conchate  form  of  the  species 
and  are  quite  different  from  the  type  of  Fames  lateritius  Cooke, 
from  South  America,  which  is  thick  and  applanate.  For  the 


8o  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

synonymy  of  this  species,  see  an  article  on  Philippine  Polypora- 
ceae  in  the  Bulletin  of  the  Torrey  Botanical  Club  for  1907. 

2.     PYROPOLYPORUS  HAEMATOXYLI  Murrill 

Pileus  dimidiate,  thickest  behind,  12  X  14  X  4  cm.;  surface 
glabrous,  dark-brown,  shallowly  concentrically  sulcate,  marked 
with  numerous  darker  concentric  lines;  margin  fulvous,  thin, 
rounded,  slightly  undulate;  context  corky  to  woody,  indistinctly 
concentrically  banded,  honey- yellow,  I  cm.  thick;  tubes  dis- 
tinctly stratified,  longer  behind,  0.5-1  cm.  long  each  season,  6  to 
a  mm.,  dull-brown,  mouths  polygonal,  concolorous,  edges  obtuse, 
becoming  thin;  spores  globose,  rarely  ovoid,  thin-walled,  smooth, 
hyaline,  3.5-5  /x'»  cystidia  none. 

Collected  once  at  the  base  of  a  living  logwood  tree  at  Paradise, 
Jamaica. 

3.     PYROPOLYPORUS  BACCHARIDIS  (Pat.)  Murrill 

Pileus  corky-woody,  turbinate-conic,  vertically  attached, 
pendulous,  3-6  X  3-6  X  1-2  cm.;  surface  densely  pectinate- 
sulcate,  soft  and  velvety,  flavous  to  cinnamon,  becoming  gla- 
brous, blackish,  and  thinly  encrusted;  margin  obtuse,  flavous, 
tomentose,  undulate;  context  corky,  ferruginous-fulvous,  2-3 
mm.  thick;  tubes  evenly  stratified,  2-3  mm.  long  each  season, 
fulvous-cinnamon  within,  mouths  circular,  invisible  to  the  un- 
aided eye,  10  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  entire,  flavous-fuscous  to 
chestnut-brown,  slightly  glistening;  spores  ovoid,  smooth,  hya- 
line, 6-7  X  4-5  M;  cystidia  none. 

Rare  on  trunks  of  Baccharis  in  Guadeloupe  and  Ecuador. 

4.     PYROPOLYPORUS  ROBINSONIAE  Murrill 

Pileus  dimidiate,  applanate  to  compressed-ungulate,  5-7  X 
7-10  X  1.5-3  cm.;  surface  velvety,  slightly  encrusted,  many 
times  sulcate,  very  rough,  tubercular,  ferruginous  to  fulvous, 
corroded  and  darker  with  age;  margin  obtuse,  velvety,  fer- 
ruginous, sterile;  context  woody,  fulvous,  3-5  mm.  thick;  tubes 
unevenly  stratified,  3-5  mm.  long  each  season,  umbrinous  within, 
mouths  circular,  minute,  4-5  to  a  mm.,  edges  obtuse,  entire, 
chestnut-brown,  glistening;  spores  globose,  smooth,  hyaline,  4  p; 
cystidia  none. 

Found  once  on  the  decaying  roots  of  a  tree  on  Monkey  Hill, 
Jamaica. 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  81 

5.     PYROPOLYPORUS  ROSEOCINEREUS  Murrill 

Pileus  applanate  to  compressed-ungulate,  often  vertically 
attached,  5-8  X  7-14  X  2-4  cm.;  surface  tomentose,  becoming 
glabrous,  horny-encrusted,  repeatedly  zonate-sulcate,  fulvous  to 
reddish-brown;  margin  acute,  undulate,  ferruginous,  tomentose; 
context  woody,  very  thin,  light-fulvous,  1-2  mm.  thick;  tubes 
indistinctly  stratified,  1-2  mm.  long  each  season,  fulvous  within, 
mouths  circular,  very  minute,  5-6  to  a  mm.,  edges  obtuse, 
entire,  roseocinereous  to  smoky-gray;  spores  globose  to  ovoid, 
smooth,  hyaline,  5-6  /x;  cystidia  none. 

Found  a  few  times  on  dead  wood  in  Cuba,  Jamaica,  and  Costa 
Rica. 

6.     PYROPOLYPORUS  INFLEXIBILIS  (Berk.)  Murrill 

Pileus  convex  above,  plane  below,  somewhat  compressed- 
ungulate,  7  X  12  X  5  cm.;  surface  glabrous,  horny-encrusted, 
dark-brown,  concentrically  sulcate,  marked  with  narrow  black 
concentric  lines;  margin  rounded,  yellowish -brown,  sterile;  con- 
text hard,  concentrically  banded,  ferruginous,  2  cm.  thick  behind; 
tubes  indistinctly  stratified,  0.5-1  cm.  long  each  season,  5-6  to  a 
mm.,  drab-colored  within,  mouths  polygonal,  concolorous,  edges 
thin,  acute,  entire;  spores  globose  to  ovoid,  smooth,  thin-walled, 
hyaline,  3.5-4  X  4  n',  cystidia  none. 

Known  from  a  few  collections  on  dead  trunks  in  the  mountains 
of  Jamaica,  as  well  as  in  Brazil. 

7.     PYROPOLYPORUS  CALKINSII  Murrill 

Pileus  woody  throughout,  ungulate,  10  X  10  X  10  cm.; 
surface  glabrous,  dark-brown  to  black,  marked  with  rather 
shallow  concentric  furrows,  the  crust  thin,  horny,  never  rimose; 
margin  rounded,  concolorous  with  the  hymenium;  context  very 
hard,  woody,  fulvous,  I  cm.  thick;  tubes  in  many  indistinct  layers, 
slender,  minute,  7  to  a  mm.,  fulvous,  mouths  nearly  circular, 
edges  obtuse,  entire;  spores  ovoid,  smooth,  hyaline,  6-8  X  4-5  n- 

Known  from  a  few  collections  on  living  trunks  of  live  oak  and 
black  oak  in  Florida  and  North  Carolina,  and  doubtless  occurring 
on  live  oak  in  southern  Florida.  Fomitiporia  dryophila  may  be 
a  resupinate  form. 

40.     FULVIFOMES   Murrill 

Hymenophore  large,  perennial,  epixylous,  sessile,  ungulate  or 
applanate;  surface  sulcate,  usually  anoderm  and  often  rough  or 


82 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES 


rimose;  context  woody  or  punky,  brown,  rarely  dark-red;  tubes 
brown,  cylindric,  stratose,  usually  thick- walled ;  spores  smooth, 
ferruginous  or  fulvous. 

Pileus  thin  or  of  moderate  thickness,  conchate  to  applanate, 

never  truly  ungulate. 
Context  ferruginous  to  fulvous. 

Surface  soon  covered  with  a  thick,  glabrous,  horny, 

dark  crust. 
Tube-layers  very  prominent,  tubes  stuffed  with 

white  mycelium.  i.  F.  grenadensis. 

Tube-layers  distinct  but  not  prominent,  tubes  not 

conspicuously  stuffed. 

Dissepiments  thick;  hymenium  concolorous 
with  the  context;  surface  not  rimose  with 
age.  2.  F.  pseudosenex. 

Dissepiments  thin;  hymenium  at  length  darker 

than  the  context;  surface  rimose  in  age.  3.  F.  jamaicensis. 

Surface  anoderm  or  slightly  encrusted,  not  becoming 

rimose. 
Surface   conspicuously    tomentose,    soft    to    the 

touch;  tubes  short,  fulvous  within. 

Tubes  5-6  to  a  mm.  4.  F.  linteus. 

Tubes  very  minute,  8-10  to  a  mm.  5.  F.  subpectinatus. 

Surface  soon  encrusted,  hard. 

Tubes  avellaneous  within,  distinctly  stratified.      6.  F.  calcitratus. 
Tubes  fulvous  within,  not  distinctly  stratified.     7.  F.  melleicinctus. 
Surface  becoming  blackish  and  very  rimose.  8.  F.  yucatanensis. 

Context  flavous  to  luteous. 

Surface  conspicuously  fibrose-lacerate.  9.  F.  sarcitus. 

Surface  inconspicuously  tomentose  or  glabrous. 

Pileus    very    large,    15-30    cm.    broad;    context 

marked  with  interlacing  lines  of  a  lighter  color.     10.  F.  extensus. 
Pileus  8-12  cm.  broad;  context  homogeneous.          n.  F.  sublinteus. 
Pileus  thick,  ungulate. 

Surface  not  becoming  conspicuously  rimose. 

Pileus  2-5  cm.  broad.  12.  F.  hydrophilus. 

Pileus  8-15  cm.  broad. 

Margin  only  slightly  obtuse.  13.  F.  troyanus. 

Margin  very  obtuse  and  rounded. 

Context  flavous-ferruginous.  14.  F.  Swieteniae. 

Context  fulvous.  15.  F.  cinchonensis. 

Surface  soon  becoming  very  conspicuously  rimose. 

Pileus  very  large,   12  cm.  or  more  broad,  margin 

rounded.  16.  F.  Cedrelae. 

Pileus  scarcely  attaining  12  cm.  in  width,  margin 

angular. 

Tubes  large  for  the  genus,  3-4  to  a  mm.,  thin- 
walled;  spores  7  X  9/*;  cystidia  none.  17.  F.  Underwoodii. 
Tubes  5-7  to  a  mm.,  thick-walled.  18.  F.  dependens. 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  83 

1.  FULVIFOMES  GRENADENSIS  Murrill,  comb.  nov. 

Pileus  hard,  applanate,  nearly  circular  to  dimidiate,  narrowly 
attached  and  considerably  thicker  behind,  5-12  X  7-15  X  1.5-4 
cm.;  surface  rough,  rugose,  closely  furrowed,  tomentose,  horny- 
encrusted,  fulvous  to  dark-chestnut-brown  or  black;  margin 
obtuse,  rounded  in  young  plants,  tomentose,  fulvous,  rather  thin 
in  large  specimens;  context  hard,  fulvous,  slightly  lustrous, 
regularly  zonate,  5-7  mm.  thick;  tubes  very  evenly  and  very 
distinctly  stratified,  the  strata  separated  by  very  thin  layers  of 
context,  1-1.5  mm-  l°ng  eacn  season,  fulvous,  filled  with  white 
mycelium,  mouths  circular,  minute,  5  to  a  mm.,  edges  thick, 
entire,  fulvous  to  fuliginous;  spores  globose,  smooth,  light- 
yellowish-brown,  3-4  ju;  cystidia  none. 

Found  once  on  dead  wood  in  Grenada. 

2.  FULVIFOMES  PSEUDOSENEX  Murrill,  comb.  nov. 

Pileus  very  hard,  dimidiate,  applanate,  usually  concave  below, 
12-20  X  15-30  X  2-3  cm.;  surface  glabrous,  horny-encrusted, 
subshining,  repeatedly  slightly  sulcate,  chestnut-brown  to  nearly 
black;  margin  thin,  subobtuse,  undulate  to  lobed,  ferruginous; 
context  woody,  ferruginous,  3-5  mm.  thick;  tubes  evenly  strati- 
fied, at  times  separated  by  layers  of  context,  2-3  mm.  long  each 
season,  fulvous  within,  mouths  circular,  very  minute,  6  to  a  mm., 
edges  obtuse,  entire,  becoming  dark-fulvous;  spores  globose, 
smooth,  fulvous,  4-5  /*;  cystidia  none. 

Occasional  on  decayed  trunks  in  Mexico  and  Nicaragua. 

3.     FULVIFOMES  JAMAICENSIS  Murrill,  comb.  nov. 

A  rather  fan-shaped  plant,  the  upper  layers  of  which  are  dead 
and  much  cracked  and  roughened,  while  the  layers  added  below 
are  smaller  each  succeeding  year;  pileus  applanate,  much 
thicker  behind,  8  X  13  X  0.5-5  cm.;  surface  uneven,  radiately 
rimose,  dark-brown  to  black;  margin  ferruginous,  velvety,  acute, 
becoming  black,  spreading  and  lobed,  projecting  1-2  cm.  beyond 
the  new  layers;  context  woody,  fulvous,  0.5-1  cm.  thick;  tubes 
stratified,  separated  by  thin  annual  layers  of  context,  0.2-0.7 
cm.  long  each  season,  7  to  a  mm.,  fulvous  within,  mouths  rounded 
or  polygonal,  hoary  when  young,  edges  thin,  acute,  entire;  spores 
globose  or  subglobose,  thin-walled,  smooth,  pale-golden-yellow 
(probably  darker  in  age),  5-7  n. 

Found  once  on  old  stumps  of  Psidium  near  Port  Antonio, 
Jamaica. 


84  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

4.     FULVIFOMES  LINTEUS  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill,  comb.  nov. 

Pileus  hard,  heavy,  dimidiate  to  nearly  circular,  applanate, 
7-10  X  8-15  X  3-5  cm.;  surface  villose-tomentose,  castaneous 
with  a  fulvous  tint,  densely  sulcate,  becoming  darker  and  slightly 
rimose  with  age;  margin  obtuse,  melleous  to  fulvous,  tomentose; 
context  corky  to  woody,  melleous-ferruginous  with  silky  luster, 
slightly  zonate,  bounded  above  by  a  dark,  horny  layer,  3-6  mm. 
thick;  hymenium  umbrinous  with  a  grayish  tint;  tubes  indis- 
tinctly stratified,  3-5  mm.  long  each  season,  fulvous-chestnut 
within,  mouths  circular,  minute,  6  to  a  mm.,  edges  rather  thin, 
entire,  ferruginous  to  fulvous;  spores  subglobose,  smooth,  fer- 
ruginous, 3-4  M;  cystidia  cuspidate,  dark-fulvous,  60-120  X  10- 
20  n. 

Occasional  on  dead  trunks  of  trees  in  Mexico  and  Nicaragua. 
An  interesting  feature  of  this  species  is  the  appearance  under  a 
pocket  lens  of  numerous  large,  brown,  pointed  cystidia  on  the 
broken  surfaces  of  the  young  context. 

5.     FULVIFOMES  SUBPECTINATUS  Murrill,  comb.  nov. 

Pileus  thin,  conchate,  dimidiate  to  flabelliform,  imbricate, 
laterally  connate,  often  decurrent  and  effused  behind,  2-4  X 
4-8  X  0.3-0.5  cm.;  surface  conspicuously  tomentose,  repeatedly 
slightly  sulcate,  longitudinally  furrowed  at  times,  chestnut- 
brown,  with  a  thin  black  crust  beneath  a  heavy  coating  of 
tomentum;  margin  subacute,  sterile,  tomentose,  ferruginous, 
undulate  to  lobed;  context  very  thin,  ferruginous  to  fulvous, 
1-2  mm.  thick;  tubes  indistinctly  stratified,  1-2  mm.  long  each 
season,  fulvous  within,  mouths  circular,  extremely  minute, 
9-10  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  entire,  glistening,  dark-melleous  to 
ferruginous;  spores  globose,  smooth,  light-brown,  2  fj,;  cystidia 
none. 

Occasional  on  dead  wood  in  Cuba,  Jamaica,  and  Mexico. 

6.    FULVIFOMES  CALCITRATUS  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill,  comb.  nov. 

Pileus  dimidiate,  applanate  to  compressed-ungulate,  4-10  X 
6-12  X  1-3  cm.;  surface  tomentose,  zonate,  sulcate,  umbrinous, 
becoming  glabrous,  darker  and  horny-encrusted  with  age;  margin 
acute  to  subobtuse,  sterile,  ferruginous  to  fulvous;  context 
woody,  melleous  to  subferruginous  with  silky  luster,  3-10  mm. 
thick;  tubes  distinctly  stratified,  often  separated  by  thin  layers 
of  context,  4-6  mm.  long  each  season,  avellaneous  within,  mouths 
subcircular,  minute,  7  to  a  mm.,  edges  rather  thin,  melleous  when 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  85 

young,  becoming  avellaneous;  spores  globose,  smooth,  brown, 
7/x;  cystidia  conic,  ventricose,  brown,  scanty,  15-20  X  5-6/1- 
Occasional  on  dead  wood  in  Jamaica,  Cuba,  and  Porto  Rico. 

7.  FULVIFOMES  MELLEICINCTUS  Murrill,  comb.  nov. 

Pileus  woody,  dimidiate,  sessile,  convex  above,  plane  below, 
3  X  5-6  X  1.5  cm.;  surface  subglabrous  to  glabrous,  subzonate, 
black  or  dark-bay  behind,  melleous  on  the  margin,  nearly  smooth, 
slightly  rimose  on  drying  or  with  age,  margin  entire,  fertile,  acute 
or  slightly  obtuse;  context  light-fulvous,  shining,  faintly  zonate, 
woody,  about  I  cm.  thick;  tubes  slender,  fulvous  within,  3-5  mm. 
long,  not  distinctly  stratified,  mouths  small,  subcircular,  3-4  to  a 
mm.,  edges  rather  thick,  obtuse,  isabelline-umbrinous,  glistening; 
spores  globose  to  subglobose,  smooth,  fulvous,  4-6/1;  cystidia 
none. 

Collected  once  on  dead  wood  near  Tehuantepec,  Mexico. 

8.  FULVIFOMES  YUCATANENSIS  Murrill,  comb.  nov. 

Pileus  dimidiate,  applanate,  thickest  behind,  7-9  X  9-12  X 
2-3  cm. ;  surface  clothed  at  first  with  tawny  tomentum,  becoming 
very  dark  brown  or  black  and  uniformly  tubercular  and  broken 
into  small  areas  by  numerous,  shallow,  concentric  furrows  and 
radial  cracks;  margin  narrow,  acute,  velvety,  fulvous;  context 
hard,  fulvous,  0.5  cm.  thick;  tubes  rather  indistinctly  stratified, 
0.25  cm.  long  each  season,  7  to  a  mm.,  fulvous,  mouths  circular, 
punctate,  edges  thick,  obtuse;  spores  globose  or  subglobose, 
smooth,  pale-yellowish-brown,  3.5-5 /*;  cystidia  thick  at  the 
base,  pointed,  17-35  /*• 

Occasional  throughout  most  of  the  region  on  dead  trunks  and 
stumps. 

9.     FULVIFOMES  SARCITUS  (Fries)  Murrill,  comb.  nov. 

Pileus  hard,  thin,  applanate,  imbricate,  narrowly  attached, 
8  X  14  X  0.7  cm.;  surface  slightly  sulcate,  umbrinous  to  fuligi- 
nous, fibrose-lacerate,  subsquamose,  becoming  almost  smooth, 
with  black  horny  crust;  margin  subacute,  umbrinous,  hispid, 
undulate  to  lobed;  context  hard,  ferruginous,  1-2  mm.  thick, 
becoming  fulvous  and  streaked  with  white  in  age;  tubes  indis- 
tinctly stratified,  1-2  mm.  long  each  season,  ferruginous  within, 
walls  circular,  5-6  to  a  mm.,  edges  obtuse,  entire,  melleous  to 
pale-fulvous;  spores  globose,  smooth,  very  light  brown,  5ju; 
cystidia  none. 

Collected  once  on  the  island  of  St.  John,  West  Indies,  growing 
on  dead  wood. 


86  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

10.     FULVIFOMES  EXTENSUS  (Lev.)  Murrill,  comb.  nov. 

Pileus  corky  to  woody,  dimidiate  to  flabelliform,  applanate, 
10-20  X  15-30  X  1-3  cm.;  surface  velvety,  thinly  encrusted, 
rugose,  zonate,  sulcate,  fulvous  to  castaneous,  becoming  dark 
and  rimose  with  age;  margin  thin,  acute  to  subobtuse,  sterile, 
velvety,  isabelline  to  fulvous,  undulate  to  lobed;  context  corky 
to  woody,  yellow,  slightly  zonate,  becoming  darker,  with  dendroid 
markings,  in  age,  0.5-1  cm.  thick;  tubes  evenly  and  distinctly 
stratified,  2-4  mm.  long  each  season,  fulvous,  mouths  circular, 
minute,  5  to  a  mm.,  edges  obtuse,  entire,  ochraceous  to  fulvous; 
spores  globose,  smooth,  fulvous,  4-5  ju;  cystidia  few,  ventricose, 
fulvous,  about  15  X  7  /*. 

Common  throughout  on  decayed  trunks  of  various  trees.  The 
type  at  Paris  from  Guadeloupe  is  well  preserved,  although  the 
color  of  the  context  is  not  quite  so  bright  as  in  fresh  specimens. 

ii.     FULVIFOMES  SUBLINTEUS  Murrill,  comb.  nov. 

Pileus  corky  to  soft-woody,  dimidiate,  applanate,  6-8  X  7-10 
X  1-2  cm.;  surface  finely  tomentose  to  glabrous,  very  thinly 
encrusted,  smooth,  almost  free  from  markings  of  any  kind, 
light-bay  to  almost  black;  margin  thin,  rarely  lobed,  tomentose, 
ferruginous;  context  corky,  slightly  zonate,  melleous,  3-10  mm. 
thick;  tubes  distinctly  stratified,  separated  by  layers  of  context, 
2-6  mm.  long  each  season,  umbrinous  within,  mouths  subcircular, 
7  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  entire,  becoming  umbrinous;  spores 
globose,  smooth,  brown,  5ju;  cystidia  none. 

Found  once  on  decayed  wood  of  mesquite  at  Tepolobampo, 
Mexico. 

12.     FULVIFOMES  HYDROPHILUS  Murrill,  comb.  nov. 

Pileus  small,  woody,  ungulate,  usually  laterally  attached, 
2-3  X  2-4.5  X  2-3.5  cm.;  surface  uneven,  rugose,  many  times 
sulcate,  bay  to  chestnut  with  fuliginous  lines,  finely  tomentose  to 
nearly  glabrous,  horny-encrusted;  margin  subobtuse,  melleous, 
entire;  context  scarcely  I  cm.  thick,  woody-punky,  deep-fer- 
ruginous to  fulvous ;  hymenium  glistening,  melleous  when  looked 
at  from  the  side,  olivaceous-umbrinous  when  viewed  perpendicu- 
larly; tubes  indistinctly  stratified,  fulvous  with  a  grayish  tint, 
2-3  mm.  long  each  season,  mouths  circular,  4-5  to  a  mm.,  edges 
obtuse,  entire;  spores  subglobose,  smooth,  fulvous,  uniguttulate, 
copious,  thick-walled,  3.5-4.5  ^;  cystidia  none. 

Collected  twice  at  Morce's  Gap,  Jamaica,  on  dead  standing 
saplings. 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  87 

13.     FULVIFOMES  TROYANUS  Murrill,  comb.  nov. 

Pileus  woody,  horny-encrusted,  ungulate,  rarely  compressed- 
ungulate,  usually  plane  below,  sessile  either  by  the  vertex  or 
laterally,  5-8  X  8-n  X  3-5  cm.;  surface  many  times  concen- 
trically sulcate,  slightly  rimose  in  very  old  specimens,  bay  to 
nearly  black,  glabrous  even  when  young ;  margin  slightly  obtuse, 
entire  or  slightly  undulate,  ferruginous,  sterile,  slightly  velvety; 
context  woody,  hard,  about  I  cm.  or  less  thick,  fulvous,  pene- 
trated by  dendroid  markings  of  a  black,  horny  appearance; 
tubes  rather  distinctly  stratified,  avellaneous-umbrinous,  about 
3  mm.  long  each  season,  mouths  minute,  about  8  to  a  mm., 
circular,  fulvous,  almost  castaneous  when  young,  edges  obtuse, 
entire;  spores  globose,  smooth,  pale-yellowish,  3-4  M- 

Collected  twice  in  Troy  and  Tyre,  Jamaica,  on  a  dead  log. 

14.     FULVIFOMES  SWIETENIAE  Murrill,  sp.  nov. 

Pileus  woody,  ungulate,  10  X  15  X  8  cm.;  surface  at  first 
velvety,  scarcely  encrusted,  becoming  slightly  rimose,  rough,  and 
uneven,  fulvous  to  chestnut,  margin  very  obtuse  and  rounded, 
ferruginous  or  isabelline,  at  length  fulvous;  context  corky  to 
woody,  zonate,  ferruginous,  becoming  darker  with  age;  tubes 
indistinctly  stratified,  5-10  mm.  long  each  season,  fulvous 
within,  mouths  circular  to  slightly  angular,  thin-walled,  5-6 
to  a  mm.,  the  edges  fulvous  when  viewed  from  the  side  and 
chestnut-colored  when  viewed  perpendicularly;  spores  globose, 
smooth,  fulvous,  about  4/z.  in  diameter;  cystidia  none. 

Type  collected  on  a  mahogany  stump  in  a  dense  virgin  forest 
in  Alto  Cedro,  Cuba,  March  19-20,  1905,  F.  S.  Earle  &W.  A. 
Murrill  545  (herb.  N.  Y.  Bot.  Card.).  Also  collected  at  Gold 
Rock,  Acklin's  Island,  Bahamas,  in  the  winter  of  1905-6,  L.  J. 
K.  Brace  4389.  Better  specimens  are  desired. 

15.     FULVIFOMES  CINCHONENSIS  Murrill,  comb.  nov. 

Pileus  woody,  triquetrous,  very  thick  and  broadly  attached 
behind,  convex,  5-7  X  8-12  X  7-10  cm.;  surface  horny-en- 
crusted, glabrous,  smooth,  obscurely  zonate,  slightly  sulcate, 
umbrinous  to  bay;  margin  very  obtuse,  ferruginous,  slightly 
undulate,  sterile;  context  rather  hard,  fulvous,  zonate  in  recent 
layers,  0.5-2  cm.  thick;  tubes  indistinctly  stratified,  avellaneous 
when  young,  becoming  avellaneous-umbrinous,  rather  long  and 
slender,  sometimes  5  mm.  or  more  long  during  a  season,  mouths 
minute,  stuffed  when  young,  circular,  5  to  a  mm.,  avellaneous- 
umbrinous,  edges  obtuse,  entire;  spores  subglobose,  smooth, 


88  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

pale-ferruginous,  uniguttulate,  4 /*;  cystidia  ferruginous-fulvous, 
pointed,  ventricose,  scanty,  about  20  n  long  and  5-7  n  thick  at 
the  base. 

Collected  once  at  Cinchona,  Jamaica,  on  dead  standing  hard- 
wood trunks  in  a  dense  virgin  forest. 

16.     FULVIFOMES  CEDRELAE  Murrill,  comb.  nov. 

Pileus  compressed-ungulate,  broadly  attached,  plane  below, 
7-12  X  8-25  X  3-7  cm.;  surface  tomentose,  deeply  sulcate, 
fulvous,  becoming  very  rough,  rimose,  and  black  with  age; 
margin  obtuse,  ferruginous  to  fulvous,  tomentose,  smooth; 
context  corky  to  woody,  5-10  mm.  thick,  fulvous;  tubes  evenly 
stratified,  2-3  mm.  long  each  season,  fulvous  within,  mouths 
circular,  invisible  to  the  unaided  eye,  5-6  to  a  mm.,  edges  obtuse, 
entire,  ferruginous  to  fulvous;  spores  globose,  smooth,  golden- 
brown,  5-6  ju. 

Found  once  on  a  living  trunk  of  Cedrela  odorata  in  Jamacia. 

17.     FULVIFOMES  UNDERWOODII  Murrill,  comb.  nov. 

Pileus  broadly  ungulate,  attached  by  a  narrow  base,  concave 
below,  7  X  14  X  II  cm.;  surface  many  times  concentrically 
furrowed,  rimose,  uniformly  dark-brown  to  black;  margin  ful- 
vous, acute  or  somewhat  obtuse,  velvety,  undulate,  marked  with 
narrow  zones;  context  hard,  fulvous  to  dark-brown,  very  thin, 
less  than  0.5  cm.;  tubes  distinctly  stratified,  0.5-1.5  cm.  long 
each  season,  3-4  to  a  mm.,  brown  within,  mouths  darker,  circular 
or  polygonal,  edges  acute,  entire;  spores  ellipsoid,  smooth,  thin- 
walled,  light-yellowish-brown,  8-9  X  5.5-7  Ml  cystidia  none. 

Found  twice  on  dead  wood  in  Porto  Rico. 

1 8.     FULVIFOMES  DEPENDENS  Murrill,  comb.  nov. 

Pileus  very  hard,  ungulate,  attenuate  and  vertically  affixed 
behind,  5-10  X  10-15  X  5-10  cm.;  surface  black,  very  rough 
and  rimose,  horny-encrusted,  repeatedly  slightly  sulcate;  margin 
abruptly  acute,  rarely  rounded,  velvety,  ferruginous,  undulate; 
context  hard,  woody,  fulvous,  very  thin  and  inconspicuous; 
tubes  indistinctly  stratified,  2-3  mm.  long  each  season,  ferrugi- 
nous within,  becoming  dark-fulvous  in  the  older  layers,  mouths 
circular,  minute,  5-6  to  a  mm.,  edges  obtuse,  entire,  fulvous  to 
chestnut-brown,  glistening;  spores  subglobose,  smooth,  sub- 
fulvous,  4-7  n  long;  cystidia  none. 

Common  in  the  Bahamas,  Cuba,  and  Porto  Rico  on  living  and 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  89 

dead  trunks  of  Guaiacum,  Acacia,  and  certain  other  hardwood 
trees,  doubtless  causing  a  serious  heart-rot. 

41.     PORODAEDALEA  Murrill 

Hymenophore  large,  perennial,  epixylous,  sessile,  conchate  to 
ungulate;  surface  anoderm,  sulcate,  usually  rough;  context  brown 
and  woody;  tubes  concolorous,  rarely  in  distinct  layers,  the 
hymenium  varying  from  porose  to  daedaleoid;  spores  smooth, 
hyaline  at  maturity,  becoming  brownish  with  age;  cystidia 
conspicuous. 

i.     PORODAEDALEA  PINI  (Thore)  Murrill 

Pileus  hard,  typically  ungulate,  conchate  or  effused-reflexed 
in  varieties,  often  imbricate,  5-8  X  7-12  X  5-8  cm.,  smaller  in 
varieties;  surface  very  rough,  deeply  sulcate,  tomentose,  tawny- 
brown,  becoming  rimose  and  almost  black  with  age;  margin 
rounded  or  acute,  tomentose,  ferruginous  to  tawny-cinnamon, 
entire,  sterile  in  large  specimens;  context  soft-corky  to  indurate, 
ferruginous,  5-10  mm.  thick,  thinner  in  small  specimens;  tubes 
stratified,  white  to  avellaneous  within,  becoming  ferruginous  at 
maturity  and  in  the  older  layers,  5  mm.  long  each  season,  much 
shorter  in  thin  specimens,  mouths  irregular,  circular  or  daedale- 
oid, often  radially  elongate,  averaging  I  to  a  mm.,  edges  fer- 
ruginous to  grayish-umbrinous,  glistening  when  young,  rather 
thin,  entire;  spores  subglobose,  smooth,  hyaline  at  maturity, 
becoming  brownish  with  age,  5-6  X  3-4  M;  cystidia  abundant, 
short,  25-35  X  4-6  /z. 

This  species  attacks  living  trunks  of  conifers  in  temperate 
regions,  causing  a  very  serious  heart-rot.  It  may  be  expected 
to  occur  in  the  pine  forests  of  tropical  America,  especially  at 
high  elevations. 

42.     NIGROFOMES  Murrill 

Hymenophore  large,  perennial,  epixylous,  sessile;  context 
woody,  purple;  tubes  cylindric,  stratose,  thick- walled,  black; 
spores  ovoid,  smooth,  hyaline. 

i.     NIGROFOMES  MELANOPORUS  (Mont.)  Murrill 

Pileus  very  hard,  heavy,  conchate  to  applanate,  dimidiate,  de- 
current,  6-10  X  10-15  X  1-2  cm.;  surface  tomentose,  nearly 
smooth,  fuliginous  to  black,  becoming  glabrous,  shining,  several 
times  sulcate  and  often  rough  and  tuberculose  with  age ;  margin 
usually  deflexed,  at  least  when  dry,  sterile,  rounded,  rarely  acute, 


9O  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

finely  tomentose,  castaneous-umbrinous,  becoming  bay  when 
bruised;  context  hard,  fibrous,  zonate,  lustrous,  dark-reddish- 
violet  to  chestnut-colored,  5  mm.  thick,  much  thinner  in  old 
specimens;  tubes  distinctly  stratified,  3-4  mm.  long  each  season, 
blackish  to  black  the  first  year,  avellaneous  in  the  older  layers, 
mouths  circular,  minute,  5-6  to  a  mm.,  edges  thick,  entire, 
umbrinous,  becoming  angular,  thin,  and  dark-smoky-black  with 
age;  spores  ovoid,  smooth,  hyaline. 

Occasional  throughout  on  dead  or  diseased  trunks  of  trees. 

43.     ELFVINGIELLA  Murrill 

Hymenophore  large,  epixylous,  sessile,  applanate  or  ungulate; 
surface  sulcate,  horny-encrusted;  context  brown,  punky;  tubes 
brown,  cylindric,  stratose,  thick- walled ;  spores  smooth,  hyaline 
or  subhyaline. 

i.    ELFVINGIELLA  FASCIATA  (Sw.)  Murrill,  comb.  nov. 

Pileus  hard,  dimidiate,  applanate  to  ungulate,  convex  above, 
7-10  X  8-15  X  2-6  cm.;  surface  finely  tomentose,  at  length 
glabrous,  concentrically  sulcate,  at  first  mole-colored,  changing 
to  umbrinous,  and  finally  avellaneous  with  black  fasciations; 
margin  acute  to  obtuse,  isabelline,  sterile,  undulate  or  entire; 
context  punky,  thin,  ferruginous  to  fulvous,  zonate,  3-5  mm. 
thick;  tubes  indistinctly  stratified,  5-10  mm.  long  each  season, 
avellaneous  within,  mouths  circular,  minute,  4-5  to  a  mm., 
edges  obtuse,  avellaneous  to  umbrinous,  becoming  darker  when 
bruised;  spores  subglobose,  smooth,  light-brown,  5-7  /x. 

Common  throughout  on  dead  trunks  of  various  trees.  The 
validity  of  the  specific  name  used  is  doubtful. 

44.     ELFVINGIA  P.  Karst. 

Hymenophore  large,  epixylous,  sessile,  applanate  or  ungulate; 
surface  sulcate,  horny-encrusted;  context  brown,  punky;  tubes 
brown,  cylindric,  stratose,  thick- walled,  mouths  whitish  or 
yellowish  when  young;  spores  brown;  conidia  present  in  most 
species  on  or  near  the  surface  of  the  pileus. 

Pileus  thick  at  maturity,  crust  smooth  and  very  hard;  hymenium 

plane;  margin  truncate,  very  smooth,  often  laccate.  I.  E.  tornata. 

Pileus  thin,  crust  radially  wrinkled,  thinner;  hymenium  concave; 

margin  undulate,  never  laccate.  2.  E.  Lionnetii* 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  91 

i.     ELFVINGIA  TORNATA  (Pers.)  Murrill 

Pileus  hard,  dimidiate,  sessile  or  spuriously  stipitate,  applanate, 
thin,  very  large,  plane  below,  10-20  X  15-30  X  1-5  cm.;  surface 
horny-encrusted,  sulcate,  glabrous,  slightly  tuberculose,  conidia- 
bearing,  opaque  to  subshining,  often  fasciate  with  black  bands, 
subspadiceous  to  fulvous;  margin  smooth,  sterile,  often  laccate, 
subacute,  often  becoming  truncate;  context  floccose  with  harder 
fibers,  zonate,  fulvous  to  bay,  with  whitish  markings  in  old  speci- 
mens, 5-10  mm.  thick,  very  thin  in  large  specimens;  tubes  in- 
distinctly stratified,  5-8  mm.  long  each  season,  not  separated  by 
layers  of  context,  dark-umbrinous  within,  mouths  circular,  not 
stuffed  when  young,  often  covered  near  the  margin  with  resin, 
4  to  a  mm.,  edges  obtuse  to  acute,  entire,  pallid  to  umbrinous; 
spores  broadly  ellipsoid,  truncate,  very  dark  yellowish -brown, 
abundantly  and  roughly  echinulate,  7-8  X  5-6  ju. 

Extremely  common  throughout  the  tropics  on  decayed  logs 
and  stumps. 

2.     ELFVINGIA  LIONNETII  (Holland)  Murrill 

Pileus  thin,  applanate,  8-12  X  15-20  X  1-3  cm.;  surface 
horny-encrusted,  profoundly  radiate-rugose,  zonate-fasciate, 
tuberculose,  spadiceous-umbrinous  to  fuliginous;  margin  pallid, 
sterile,  undulate, . obtuse,  reddish-brown  when  bruised;  context 
floccose,  hard,  tawny-bay,  3-5  mm.  thick;  tubes  indistinctly 
stratified,  6-10  mm.  long  each  season,  not  separated  by  layers 
of  context,  chestnut-colored  within,  umbrinous-tinted,  especially 
in  the  older  layers,  mouths  circular  to  polygonal,  whitish-stuffed 
when  young,  4-5  to  a  mm.,  edges  obtuse,  very  thin,  denticulate, 
white  or  cream-colored  to  umbrinous  or  bay,  chestnut-colored 
when  bruised;  spores  ovoid,  smooth,  fulvous,  truncate  at  the 
base,  8  X  5  /*. 

Occasional  on  tree  trunks  in  Nicaragua  and  Panama. 

45.     AMAURODERMA  Murrill 

Hymenophore  large,  epixylous,  stipitate,  the  stipe  often  much 
elongate;  surface  smooth,  encrusted,  not  varnished;  context 
pallid  or  brown,  punky  to  fibrous;  tubes  cylindric,  concolorous, 
the  mouths  usually  light-colored  at  first;  spores  ovoid  or  globose, 
brown. 

Pileus  3  cm.  or  less  in  breadth;  stipe  slender,  less  than  5  mm. 

thick. 

Context  bay.  i.  A.  renatum. 

Context  white  to  avellaneous. 


92  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

Stipe  2  cm.  long;  pileus  orbicular,  nodding.  2.  A.  nutans. 

Stipe  10  cm.  long;  pileus  reniform,  erect.  3.  A.  subrenalum. 

Pileus  over  3  cm.  broad;  stipe  over  5  mm.  thick. 
Stipe  lateral,  ascending. 

Stipe  less  than  5  cm.  long. 

Pileus  10  cm.  or  more  broad;  tubes  5  to  a  mm.;  plants 

cespitose.  4.  A.  coffeatum. 

Pileus  5  cm.  or  less  broad;  tubes  8  to  a  mm.;  plants 

simple.  5.  A.  regulicolor. 

Stipe  15  cm.  long.  6.  A.  avellaneum. 

Stipe  central,  erect. 

Hymenium  white  to  avellaneous;  stipe  15  cm.  long.  7.  A.  Chaperi. 

Hymenium  rich-yellow;  stipe  less  than  10  cm.  long.  8.  A.  flaviporum. 

Pileus  30-50  cm.  broad;  stipe  over  5  cm.  thick.  9.  A.  Brittonii. 

i.    AMAURODERMA  RENATUM  (Berk.)  Murrill 

Pileus  lateral,  very  thin,  rigid  when  dry,  fan-shaped  to  reni- 
form, attenuate  behind,  1-2  X  1.5-3  X  0.1-0.2  cm.;  surface 
silky,  zonate,  slightly  rugose,  castaneous,  becoming  glabrous 
and  avellaneous-isabelline  with  age;  margin  very  thin,  pallid, 
entire  to  undulate  or  lobed;  context  punky,  bay,  homogeneous, 
0.5-1  mm.  thick;  tubes  not  stratified,  though  apparently  reviv- 
ing, 1-1.5  mm.  long,  murinous  to  umbrinous  within,  mouths 
hexagonal,  pure-white  at  first,  becoming  umbrinous  with  age, 
5  to  a  mm.,  edges  at  first  very  thick,  becoming  thinner,  entire; 
stipe  very  long,  erect  or  somewhat  flexuose,  laterally  attached, 
slightly  expanding  above,  frequently  branched  either  near  the 
middle  or  at  the  apex,  avellaneous  to  umbrinous,  opaque,  finely 
tomentose,  fulvous  and  floccose  within,  10-20  cm.  long,  1-3  mm. 
thick. 

Occasional  in  Nicaragua  and  Jamaica,  usually  attached  to 
buried  dead  wood. 

2.    AMAURODERMA  NUTANS  (Fries)  Murrill 

A  small  plant  with  slender  recurved  stipe,  having  the  habit  of 
Hydnum  auriscalpium;  pileus  corky,  orbicular,  convex  above, 
concave  below,  2  X  2  X  0.3-0.5  cm.;  surface  smooth,  pallid  to 
bay-black,  dull-avellaneous  in  type  specimens,  abruptly  sulcate, 
radiate-rugose;  margin  thin,  acute,  pallid,  entire,  sterile;  context 
floccose,  becoming  indurate,  very  thin,  white  to  avellaneous, 
scarcely  a  mm.  thick;  tubes  annual,  2-3  mm.  long,  pallid  to 
avellaneous  within,  young  and  but  partially  developed  in  type 
specimens,  mouths  angular,  minute,  8-9  to  a  mm.,  pallid  to 
avellaneous,  edges  thin,  entire;  stipe  lateral,  umbonate-arnxed, 
long,  slender,  flexuose,  twisted  as  though  twining,  recurved  at  the 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  93 

apex,   pallid  to  chestnut,  encrusted,   dull-avellaneous  in  type 
specimens,  2  X  0.4-0.8  cm. 

Found  once  on  dead  trunks  at  San  Jos6,  Costa  Rica. 

3.    AMAURODERMA  SUBRENATUM  Murrill 

Pileus  lateral,  reniform,  convex  above,  concave  below,  rigid 
when  dry,  2  X  3  X  0.2  cm.;  surface  glabrous,  rugose,  slightly 
zonate,  abruptly  shallowly  concentrically  sulcate,  avellaneous  to 
umbrinous,  depressed  behind;  margin  finely  tomentose,  zonate, 
pallid,  rather  thick;  context  white,  thin,  fibrous,  I  mm.  thick; 
tubes  not  stratified,  pale-isabelline  when  dry,  1-1.5  mm-  l°nS» 
mouths  circular  to  hexagonal,  regular,  4-5  to  a  mm.,  edges  thick, 
entire,  pale-avellaneous ;  stipe  long,  slender,  slightly  flexuose  at 
the  base,  erect  above,  cylindric,  equal,  laterally  attached,  simple, 
umbrinous,  opaque,  firm  and  white  within,  10  cm.  long,  2  mm. 
thick. 

Found  once  on  the  ground  in  British  Honduras. 

4.    AMAURODERMA  COFFEATUM  (Berk.)  Murrill 

Pileus  solid,  corky,  suborbicular,  oblique,  cespitose,  18-20  cm. 
broad;  surface  smooth,  thinly  encrusted,  opaque,  reddish-brown; 
margin  pallid  to  brown,  obtuse;  context  corky,  pallid,  pale- 
isabelline  in  dried  specimens;  tubes  decurrent,  pallid,  mouths 
subcircular,  5  to  a  mm.,  darker  than  the  context,  edges  obtuse, 
entire;  stipe  laterally  attached,  elongate,  cylindric,  subequal, 
obscure-brown,  mixed  with  coffee-color,  pruinose,  pallid  and 
soft-corky,  becoming  fistulose,  3.5  cm.  long,  I  cm.  thick. 

Found  once  on  decaying  trunks  in  the  island  of  St.  Vincent, 
West  Indies. 

5.    AMAURODERMA  REGULICOLOR  (Cooke)  Murrill 

Pileus  simple,  corky,  reniform,  convex  above,  2  X  2.5-4  X  0.3- 
I  cm.;  surface  silky,  subzonate,  smooth,  purplish-fuscous;  margin 
subacute,  more  obscure;  context  fulvous,  punky,  homogeneous, 
1-3  mm.  thick;  tubes  not  stratified,  3-5  mm.  long,  grayish- 
umbrinous  within,  mouths  hexagonal  at  maturity,  8  to  a  mm., 
grayish-fuscous,  lighter  when  young,  edges  thin,  entire;  stipe 
lateral,  ascending,  contorted,  fuscous,  slightly  tomentose,  opaque, 
4-8  cm.  long,  8-12  mm.  thick. 

Found  a  few  times  on  decaying  roots  of  deciduous  trees  in  Cuba. 


94  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

6.    AMAURODERMA  AVELLANEUM  Murrill 

Pileus  rather  thick,  flabelliform,  laterally  attached,  6  X  6  X  I 
cm.;  surface  pulverulent  to  glabrous,  very  rugose,  colliculose 
behind,  slightly  sulcate,  thinly  encrusted,  opaque,  avellaneous 
with  faint  reddish-brown  zones;  margin  pallid,  acute,  lobed, 
pulverulent;  context  corky  with  horny  radiations,  pale-isabelline 
when  dry,  3-4  mm.  thick;  hymenium  free;  tubes  long  and 
slender,  not  stratified,  I  cm.  long  behind,  shorter  in  front,  white 
within,  mouths  circular,  4  to  a  mm.,  edges  obtuse,  entire,  white; 
stipe  long,  ascending,  subcylindric  with  several  short  aborted 
branches,  straight,  laterally  attached,  umbrinous,  opaque, 
horny-encrusted,  firm  and  nearly  white  within,  15  cm.  long,  I  cm. 
thick. 

Found  once  on  decayed  wood  in  Nicaragua. 

7.    AMAURODERMA  CHAPERI  (Pat.)  Murrill 

Pileus  corky  to  woody,  regularly  orbicular,  plane,  slightly 
depressed  at  the  center,  8  X  8  X  1.5  cm.;  surface  opaque, 
brownish-black,  fulvous-fasciate,  abundantly  shallowly  concen- 
trically sulcate,  with  fragile  crust;  margin  plica te-rugulose, 
obtuse,  fertile,  pallid ;  context  punky,  pale-fulvous,  homogeneous, 
4-5  mm.  thick;  hymenium  free;  tubes  not  stratified,  avellaneous- 
isabelline,  8-12  mm.  long,  mouths  circular  or  angular,  regular, 
minute,  4-5  to  a  mm.,  edges  thick,  entire,  avellaneous;  spores 
exactly  spheric,  fulvous,  echinulate;  stipe  central,  cylindric,  equal, 
very  long,  probably  rooting,  opaque,  brownish-cinereous,  pale- 
fulvous  and  stuffed  within,  15  cm.  long,  8  mm.  thick. 

Found  once  on  dead  wood  in  Cuba  and  once  in  Porto  Rico. 

8.    AMAURODERMA  FLAVIPORUM  Murrill 

Pileus  hard,  rigid,  circular,  depressed  at  the  center,  concave 
below,  8-12  X  8-12  X  I  cm.;  surface  opaque,  velvety,  um- 
brinous with  numerous  bay-black  zones,  radiate-rugose,  not 
sulcate;  margin  paler,  velvety,  subzonate,  deflexed,  at  least  when 
dry,  acute,  undulate  to  lobed;  context  white,  corky,  homogene- 
ous, 5  mm.  thick;  hymenium  adnate;  tubes  very  pale  avellaneous, 
not  stratified,  2-4  mm.  long,  mouths  angular,  4-5  to  a  mm., 
stuffed  when  young,  edges  thin,  entire,  flavous  when  fresh, 
cremeous-melleous  in  dried  specimens;  spores  ovoid,  truncate, 
yellowish-brown,  roughly  echinulate,  6-7  X  4-5  MJ  stipe  thick, 
central,  slightly  flattened,  equal  or  expanding  above,  erect, 
opaque,  horny-encrusted,  velvety,  dark-melleous-luteous,  white 
and  punky  within,  6-8  cm.  long,  1.5-2  cm.  thick. 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  95 

Found  once  on  Melicocca  in  Jamaica  and  once  at  Santa  Isabel, 
Porto  Rico. 

9.    AMAURODERMA  BRITTONII  Murrill 

Pileus  circular  in  outline,  nearly  plane,  rather  soft  when  fresh, 
becoming  rigid  and  fragile  when  dry,  over  30  cm.  broad  in  a 
dried  condition  and  probably  50  cm.  when  fresh;  surface  un- 
even, somewhat  sulcate,  castaneous  to  fuliginous,  pelliculose, 
pruinose,  opaque,  becoming  very  much  wrinkled  and  uneven  on 
drying;  context  punky  when  dry,  avellaneous,  homogeneous, 
bounded  above  and  below  by  a  thin,  dark  layer  about  2  mm. 
thick;  hymenium  grayish  when  fresh,  becoming  brownish  on  dry- 
ing and  blackening  where  bruised ;  tubes  minute,  irregular,  very 
short,  less  than  5  mm.,  much  darker  than  the  context,  being 
dark-fumosous  in  dried  specimens,  mouths  slightly  angular, 
2-3  to  a  mm.,  stuffed  when  young,  edges  thin,  entire,  rigid; 
spores  subglobose,  slightly  fuscous,  finely  asperulate,  7-8  jtt; 
stipe  subcylindric,  short,  central,  slightly  enlarged  above  and 
below,  harder  and  more  rigid  than  the  pileus,  encrusted,  avel- 
laneous, pruinose,  glabrous,  uneven,  10  cm.  long,  6  cm.  thick,  no 
doubt  larger  in  fresh  specimens. 

Collected  once  at  Bachelor's  Hall,  Parish  of  St.  Thomas, 
Jamaica,  on  a  rotten  log. 

46.     GANODERMA  P.  Karst. 

Hymenophore  large,  sessile  or  stipitate,  perennial  or  annual, 
epixylous;  surface  sulcate,  covered  with  reddish-brown  varnish; 
context  punky,  brown  or  pallid;  tubes  cylindric,  concolorous; 
spores  ovoid,  brown. 

Hymenophore  stipitate,  rarely  varying  to  sessile. 

Stipe  very  long  and  slender,  10-15  cm.  i.  G.  praelongum. 

Stipe  short  to  medium. 

Surface  of  pileus  narrowly  multizonate. 

Pileus  and  stipe  chestnut-colored  •  context  isa- 

belline.  2.  G.  perzonatum. 

Pileus  and  stipe  almost  black;  context  dark- 
fulvous.  3.  G.  subfornicatum. 
Surface  of  pileus  not  narrowly  multizonate,  although 

more  or  less  sulcate. 

Pileus  very  large,  20-50  cm.  broad.  4.  G.  pulverulentum. 

Pileus  of  medium  size,  not  exceeding  10  cm.  in 

breadth. 
Context  soon  indurate,  very  hard ;  margin  of 

pileus  usually  lobed.  5.  G.  stipitatum. 


96  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

Context  soft  and  punky;  margin  not  lobed. 
Temperate    species,    occurring    only    at 

high  elevations  in  the  tropics.  6.  G.  Curtisii. 

Tropical  species. 

Surface  shining,  yellowish-red  to  bay  or 

dark-brown;  tubes  3-5  mm.  long.          7.  G.  subincrustatum. 
Surface  not  shining,  avellaneous  to 
dull-castaneous;   tubes   5-10   mm. 
long.  8.  G.  argillaceum. 

Hymenophore  sessile,  never  truly  stipitate. 

Pileus  small,  less  than  3  cm.  broad.  9.  G.  parvulum. 

Pileus  medium  to  large,  6-30  cm.  broad. 

Surface  scaly  and  glistening  like  mica  from  the 

excess  of  resin.  10.  G.  nitidum. 

Surface  normally  laccate. 

Pileus  8  cm.  thick  and  of  very  light  weight.  n.  G.  areolatum. 

Pileus  not  over  4  cm.  thick. 

Surface    tuberculose;    hymenium    cremeous 

when  young.  12.  G.  tuberculosum. 

Surface  not  tuberculose;  hymenium  white 

with  a  greenish  tint  when  young.  13.  G.  sessiliforme. 

1.  GANODERMA  PRAELONGUM  Murrill 

Pileus  corky,  orbicular  to  fan-shaped,  plane  above,  convex  to 
plane  below,  prominently  umbonate  behind  when  young,  4-6  X 
5-8  X  1.5-3  cm.;  surface  glabrous,  at  length  rugose  and  slightly 
sulcate,  laccate,  lustrous,  castaneous  to  bay;  margin  ochraceous, 
thin,  sterile,  sometimes  proliferous;  context  punky,  homogeneous, 
isabelline  with  a  fulvous  line  adjoining  the  tubes,  1-2  cm.  thick; 
tubes  annual,  I  cm.  long,  umbrinous  within,  mouths  angular, 
3-4  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  uneven,  white  to  avellaneous,  becoming 
umbrinous  when  bruised;  spores  ovoid,  dark-brown,  8  X  SM; 
stipe  lateral,  ascending,  cylindric,  enlarged  above,  10-15  X  1-2 
cm.,  glabrous,  laccate,  castaneous  to  nearly  black,  with  substance 
like  that  of  the  pileus  except  for  lines  of  white  mycelium  at  the 
center. 

Found  once  on  dead  wood  at  Alto  Cedro,  Cuba,  and  once  in 
St.  Croix. 

2.  GANODERMA  PERZONATUM  Murrill 

Pileus  rigid,  corky,  fan-shaped,  thin,  concave  below,  with  a 
prominent  umbo  behind,  5-9  X  4-8  X  0.5-1  cm.;  surface  at 
length  glabrous,  laccate,  subshining,  thinly  encrusted,  2-3  times 
shallowly  sulcate,  densely  zonate,  the  zones  conspicuously  marked 
with  white  and  bay;  margin  subobtuse,  free  behind,  undulate  to 
lobed,  shining-latericeous  to  bay,  often  forming  a  border  beneath 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  97 

encircling  the  hymenium;  context  soft-corky,  multizonate,  avel- 
laneous,  fulvous  next  to  the  tubes,  3-5  mm.  thick;  tubes  indis- 
tinctly stratified,  3-5  mm.  long  each  season,  avellaneous 
within,  becoming  grayish  in  the  older  layers  because  of 
the  white  mycelium  that  fills  them,  mouths  circular  to  slightly 
angular,  whitish-stuffed  when  young,  regular,  3-4  to  a  mm., 
edges  nearly  white  to  grayish-avellaneous,  finally  umbrinous 
with  age;  spores  ovoid,  brown,  8  X  6/t;  stipe  tubercular,  um- 
bonate-affixed,  often  branched,  slightly  darker  than  the  pileus, 
0.5-1  X  0.5-1.5  cm. 

Found  once  on  a  mango  log  near  Santiago  de  las  Vegas,  Cuba, 
and  once  in  Porto  Rico. 

3.  GANODERMA  SUBFORNICATUM  Murrill 

Pileus  subcircular,  rigid,  nearly  plane  above  and  below,  8  X 
9-11  X  2-3  cm.;  surface  glabrous,  uneven,  many  times  con- 
centrically sulcate,  finally  zonate,  radiate-rugose,  dark-bay- 
brown,  laccate,  shining;  margin  truncate,  concolorous,  free  be- 
hind ;  context  thin,  with  horny  radiations,  slightly  zonate,  fulvous, 
5-10  mm.  thick;  tubes  perennial,  long  and  slender,  I  cm.  in 
length  each  season,  smoky-fuliginous,  mouths  circular,  4  to  a  mm., 
stuffed  when  young,  edges  obtuse  to  acute,  entire,  fuliginous; 
spores  globose,  smooth,  brown,  4/1;  stipe  sublateral,  umbonate- 
affixed,  scutate  at  the  base,  compressed,  3-7  X  1.5-2.5  cm., 
expanding  into  the  pileus,  which  it  resembles  in  color,  surface, 
and  context. 

Occasional  on  dead  wood  in  British  Honduras. 

4.  GANODERMA  PULVERULENTUM  Murrill 

Pileus  rigid,  corky,  dimidiate  to  fan-shaped,  applanate,  sub- 
imbricate,  usually  very  large,  10-20  X  15-30  X  2-5  cm.;  surface 
glabrous,  laccate,  lustrous,  latericeous  to  bay,  becoming  dull- 
brown  with  age,  broadly  sulcate,  azonate,  uneven,  at  times 
proliferous;  margin  cremeous,  pulverulent,  subacute,  rarely 
rounded,  smooth,  undulate  to  lobed;  context  punky,  zonate, 
isabelline  to  umbrinous  above,  dark-fulvous  to  bay  below,  5-10 
mm.  thick;  tubes  perennial,  5-10  mm.  long  each  season,  avel- 
laneous within,  mouths  angular,  4  to  a  mm.,  citrinous-melleous, 
becoming  darker  with  age,  umbrinous  when  bruised,  entirely 
covered  at  first  with  a  creamy-white  powder,  which  easily  rubs 
off  on  the  fingers,  edges  acute,  entire;  spores  ovoid,  brown, 
9  X  5M5  stipe  short,  often  obsolete,  subcylindric,  eccentric  to 
lateral,  2-3  X  2-3  cm.,  expanding  above,  laccate,  glabrous,  bay 


98  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

to  nearly  black,  darker  than  the  pileus,  punky  and  dark-fulvous 
within. 

Occasional  on  dead  wood  in  the  Bahamas,  Cuba,  St.  Thomas, 
and  Grenada. 

5.    GANODERMA  STIPITATUM  Murrill 

Pileus  exceedingly  hard  and  horny,  flat  and  triangular  or 
somewhat  circular  when  young,  becoming  dimidiate  with  ungu- 
late center  and  thin  spreading  margin,  which  is  usually  lobed 
and  often  deeply  cleft,  normally  plane  below,  but  frequently 
convex  because  of  the  upturned  margin,  5  X  10  X  3  cm.;  sur- 
face glabrous,  varnished,  reddish-chestnut,  with  numerous 
shallow,  concentric  furrows,  becoming  shining-black  and  at  length 
dull-smoky-brown;  margin  broad,  flat,  glabrous,  obtuse,  3  mm. 
thick,  crenate  to  cleft,  sterile  portion  0.5  cm.  wide,  white;  context 
hard,  woody,  0.5-1  cm.  thick,  pale-ochraceous,  with  strands  of 
dark-brown,  shining,  horny  substance  extending  from  the  stipe 
to  the  margin  in  a  tree-like  fashion;  tubes  plainly  though 
unevenly  stratified,  2-4  mm.  long  each  season,  4-5  to  a  mm., 
grayish-brown  within,  mouths  circular,  white  or  very  pale  yellow, 
edges  thick,  obtuse,  entire ;  spores  broadly  ovoid  with  attenuate 
base,  light-yellowish-brown,  smooth,  3.5X5/*»  stipe  lateral, 
i  X  i  cm.,  cylindric,  equal,  glabrous,  shining-black  to  dull- 
brown,  with  substance  like  the  context,  apparently  absorbed  or 
overgrown  as  the  pileus  enlarges. 

Occasional  on  dead  wood  in  Central  America  and  Grenada. 

6.    GANODERMA  CURTISII  (Berk.)  Murrill 

Pileus  corky  to  woody,  reniform,  convex  above,  concave  below, 
5-10  X  8-15  X  1-2  cm.;  surface  glabrous,  ochraceous  to  lateri- 
ceous  or  bay,  at  first  laccate,  the  varnish  soon  disappearing, 
broadly  sulcate;  margin  obtuse  to  truncate,  sulcate,  ochraceous, 
entire,  glabrous;  context  soft-corky,  zonate,  ochraceous  above, 
fulvous  below,  5  mm.  thick;  tubes  perennial,  indistinctly  strati- 
fied, 5-8  mm.  long  each  season,  avellaneous-umbrinous  within, 
mouths  circular  to  slightly  angular,  3-5  to  a  mm.,  edges 
entire,  white  or  cremeous,  becoming  umbrinous;  spores  ovoid, 
attenuate  and  truncate  at  the  apex,  yellowish-brown,  9-11 
X  5~8  M;  stipe  usually  eccentric  or  lateral,  erect  or  ascending, 
equal  or  slightly  enlarged  above,  cylindric,  bay,  laccate,  the 
substance  similar  to  the  context  and  darker  at  the  center, 
5-10  X  2-3  cm. 

Found  in  the  Tepeite  Valley,  Mexico,  at  an  elevation  of  2,000  m. 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  99 

7.    GANODERMA  SUBINCRUSTATUM  Murrill 

Pileus  corky,  circular  to  fan-shaped,  plane  above,  4-8  X  6-8  X 
1-2  cm.;  surface  glabrous,  shallowly  sulcate,  slightly  zonate, 
laccate,  lustrous,  yellowish-red  to  bay  or  dark-brown;  margin 
cream-colored,  sterile,  finely  tomentose,  obtuse  to  subacute, 
undulate  to  lobed ;  context  punky  to  soft-corky,  slightly  zonate, 
homogeneous,  isabelline,  slightly  darker  next  to  the  tubes,  fulvous 
with  age,  I  cm.  thick;  tubes  annual,  3-5  mm.  long,  avellaneous 
within,  mouths  circular  to  slightly  angular,  whitish-stuffed,  4  to 
a  mm.,  edges  obtuse,  entire,  stramineous,  becoming  thinner  and 
very  pale  avellaneous;  spores  ellipsoid,  dark-brown,  8X4/4; 
stipe  central  to  lateral,  cylindric,  subequal,  1-5  cm.  long,  1-2  cm. 
thick,  resembling  the  pileus  in  surface  and  context,  but  almost 
black  in  color. 

Common  on  dead  wood  throughout. 

8.    GANODERMA  ARGILLACEUM  Murrill 

Pileus  corky,  dimidiate  to  circular,  plane  above,  usually  convex 
below,  5-10  X  8-12  X  2-4 cm.;  surface  glabrous,  rugose,  not  con- 
spicuously marked,  laccate  but  not  lustrous,  avellaneous  to  dull- 
chestnut-colored;  margin  cream-colored,  broad,  subobtuse  to 
acute,  straight,  entire;  context  punky,  concentrically  banded, 
isabelline  above,  fulvous  below,  5-10  mm.  thick;  tubes  annual, 
5-10  mm.  long,  avellaneous  within,  mouths  angular,  3-4  to  a 
mm.,  edges  thin,  subentire,  white  to  avellaneous,  reddish-brown 
when  bruised;  spores  ovoid,  dark-brown,  12  X  7  V,  stipe  central 
to  lateral,  short,  often  wan  ting,  smooth,  glabrous,  laccate,  lustrous, 
bay  to  black,  1-2  X  i  cm.,  substance  corky,  otherwise  like  that 
of  the  pileus. 

Occasional  on  dead  trunks  in  Mexico,  Cuba,  St.  Croix,  and 
Grenada. 

9.    GANODERMA  PARVULUM  Murrill 

A  very  small  sessile  fungus,  shining-bay  above  and  honey- 
yellow  below;  pileus  woody,  nearly  circular  in  outline,  attached 
by  a  point,  convex  above,  plane  or  convex  below,  thickest  behind, 
2  X  2.5  X  I  cm. ;  surface  glabrous,  laccate,  azonate,  slightly  tuber- 
cular, very  lightly  marked  with  a  few  concentric  furrows,  margin 
acute;  context  soft-woody,  pale-ochraceous,  0.5  cm.  thick,  with 
dark,  horny  radiations  from  the  point  of  attachment;  tubes  not 
stratified,  3  mm.  long,  5  to  a  mm.,  umbrinous  within,  mouths 
polygonal,  honey-yellow,  edges  entire,  obtuse;  spores  subglobose, 
smooth,  pale-yellowish-brown,  5  X  4  p.. 

Found  once  on  decayed  wood  in  Nicaragua. 


ioo  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

10.    GANODERMA  NITIDUM  Murrill 

Pileus  corky  to  woody,  dimidiate  or  nearly  circular,  applanate, 
rarely  ungulate  or  columnar  by  accretion  with  age,  convex  above, 
slightly  concave  below,  6-10  X  8-16  X  1.5-7  cm.;  surface  gla- 
brous, abundantly  sulcate,  laccate,  shining,  bay  to  brownish-black, 
flaky  from  the  excess  of  resin  exuded ;  margin  ochraceous,  subob- 
tuse,  undulate  to  lobed,  the  new  growth  often  forming  a  broad 
lustrous  band  bordering  the  hymenium;  context  very  thin,  punky, 
bay,  homogeneous,  1-3  mm.  thick;  tubes  stratified,  very  long 
and  slender,  1.5-2.5  cm.,  umbrinous  to  fuliginous  within,  mouths 
circular  to  slightly  angular,  stuffed  with  whitish  mycelium  when 
young,  edges  obtuse  to  very  thin  and  uneven,  white  to  umbrinous. 

Frequent  on  dead  trunks  in  Honduras. 

ii.    GANODERMA  AREOLATUM  Murrill 

Pileus  very  large  and  thick,  of  light  weight,  dimidiate,  sessile, 
convex  above,  plane  to  slightly  convex  below,  13  X  20  X  8  cm.; 
surface  azonate,  glabrous,  somewhat  uneven,  becoming  areolate 
by  the  cracking  of  the  thin  cuticle,  fuliginous-bay  to  blackish-bay, 
pallid  in  the  cracks,  margin  acute,  undulate  or  slightly  lobed, 
finely  tomentose,  grayish-brown;  context  soft-corky,  somewhat 
zonate,  1-3  cm.  thick;  tubes  minute,  corky  to  woody,  isabelline 
within  and  without,  not  distinctly  stratified,  3-5  cm.  long,  mouths 
subangular  to  irregular,  2-3  to  a  mm.,  edges  thin,  entire;  spores 
ellipsoid,  smooth,  hyaline  or  very  pale  yellowish,  usually  pointed 
at  one  end,  copious,  n  X  5-6  /*. 

Collected  once  on  the  dead  trunk  of  a  silk-cotton  tree  near 
Colima,  Mexico. 

12.    GANODERMA  TUBERCULOSUM  Murrill 

Pileus  rigid,  dimidiate  to  reniform,  applanate,  7-15  X  12-30 
X  2-4  cm.;  surface  glabrous,  laccate,  shining,  many  times 
shallowly  sulcate,  radiate-rugose,  roughly  tuberculose,  especially 
in  large  specimens,  usually  umbonate  behind,  bay  to  dull-brown 
with  age;  margin  cremeous  to  fulvous,  glabrous,  slightly  undu- 
late, subobtuse  to  truncate  with  age;  context  punky  to  soft- 
corky,  isabelline  above,  fulvous  below,  castaneous  with  age, 
homogeneous,  5-10  mm.  thick;  tubes  perennial,  indistinctly 
stratified,  1-2.5  cm-  l°ng>  avellaneous  within,  slightly  darker 
with  age,  mouths  circular,  4  to  a  mm.,  not  stuffed  when  young, 
edges  obtuse,  cream-colored,  at  length  thin  and  darker  in  color; 
spores  ovoid,  dark-brown,  8  X  6  /x. 

Occasional  on  dead  wood  in  British  Honduras,  Panama, 
western  Jamaica,  and  Cuba. 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  101 

13.    GANODERMA  SESSILIFORME  Murrill 

Pileus  corky  to  woody,  dimidiate,  sessile  or  very  slightly  stipi- 
tate,  slightly  conchate  to  fan-shaped,  thickest  behind,  thin  at  the 
margin,  3-5  X  6-9  X  1.5-2  cm.;  surface  laccate  in  places  but 
mostly  covered  with  powdery  conidia,  rugose,  slightly  concen- 
trically sulcate,  reddish-chestnut  or  dull-brownish,  margin  pallid, 
rather  thin,  sterile,  slightly  undulate;  context  corky,  radiate- 
fibrous,  isabelline  to  isabelline-fulvous,  thinner  than  the  length 
of  the  tubes;  tubes  about  7  mm.  long,  slender,  4-6  to  a  mm., 
avellaneous  within;  mouths  circular,  edges  entire,  rather  thick, 
becoming  thinner  with  age,  pallid  with  a  greenish-white  tint; 
spores  oblong-ovoid,  pointed  at  one  end,  minutely  roughened, 
thick-walled,  umbrinous  under  a  microscope,  copious,  10-11X5  /*. 

Collected  once  on  dead  wood  near  Cuernavaca,  Mexico. 

47.     CERRENA   (Micheli)  S.  F.  Gray 

Hymenophore  small,  epixylous,  sessile,  conchate,  annual; 
surface  anoderm,  hairy  or  subglabrous,  zonate  or  sulcate;  con- 
text thin,  white,  fibrous,  flexible;  hymenium  at  first  labyrinthi- 
form,  soon  becoming  irpiciform  from  the  splitting  of  the  dissepi- 
ments; spores  smooth,  hyaline. 

i.     CERRENA  STEREOIDES  (Fries)  Murrill 

Pileus  coriaceous,  flexible,  dimidiate  or  flabelliform,  umbonate- 
affixed,  applanate,  2  X  2-3  X  0.1-0.2  cm.;  surface  pale-isabel- 
line,  concentrically  lineate  or  slightly  grooved,  fibrillose  to 
glabrous;  margin  very  acute,  straight,  pallid,  undulate  or  slightly 
lobed;  context  thin,  white  to  pallid,  membranous;  tubes  1-1.5 
mm.  long,  white  to  pallid  within,  soon  becoming  irpiciform, 
mouths  1-2  to  a  mm.,  irregular,  at  first  daedaleoid,  soon  splitting 
into  sharp,  slender,  forked  teeth,  which  are  at  first  white  or 
yellowish,  becoming  avellaneous-isabelline  and  glistening. 

Found  once  on  dead  trunks  at  San  Jose,  Costa  Rica. 

48.     DAEDALEA  Pers. 

Hymenophore  epixylous,  usually  large  and  annual,  sessile, 
applanate  to  ungulate;  surface  anoderm,  glabrous,  often  zonate; 
context  white  or  wood-colored,  rigid,  woody  or  punky ;  hymenium 
normally  labyrinthiform,  but  varying  to  lamellate  and  porose  in 
some  species;  spores  smooth,  hyaline. 

Pileus  5-10  cm.  broad. 

Furrows  5-10  mm.  deep.  *•  D-  confragosa. 

Furrows  1-2  mm.  deep.  2-  &•  favoloides. 


102  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

Pileus  10-30  cm.  broad. 

Furrows  less  than  0.5  mm.  in  trans  verse  diameter;  surface 

white  or  yellowish. 

Context  white.  3.  D.  amanitoides. 

Context  isabelline  to  umbrinous.  4.  D.  microsticta. 

Furrows  2-3  mm.  in  transverse  diameter;  surface  brownish.      5.  D.  Sprucei. 

i.    DAEDALEA  CONFRAGOSA  (Bolt.)  Pers. 

Pileus  corky  to  woody,  imbricate,  sessile,  dimidiate,  convex 
or  plane  above,  variable  in  size,  2-7X3-10X0.5-1.5  cm.; 
surface  multizonate,  rugose,  scrupose,  often  tuberculose,  becom- 
ing glabrous,  isabelline  or  avellaneous  to  latericeous-fuscous; 
margin  thin,  entire  to  lobed,  pallid,  fertile,  dark-brown  when 
bruised;  context  corky  .to  woody,  white  to  avellaneous,  zonate, 
3-10  mm.  thick;  tubes  very  variable,  porose  or  labyrinthiform, 
often  becoming  lamellate  with  age,  0.5-1.5  mm.  broad,  5-10 
mm.  deep,  white  or  avellaneous  within,  mouths  grayish-pruinose 
when  young,  becoming  umbrinous  or  reddish-fuscous,  edges 
thin,  becoming  lacerate-dentate  and  often  fimbriate,  turning  at 
once  to  yellowish-brown  when  bruised;  spores  smooth,  hyaline, 
cylindric  to  ellipsoid,  5-8  X  2-3  p. 

Found  once  on  dead  wood  in  Mexico. 

2.  DAEDALEA  FAVOLOIDES  Murrill 

Pileus  coriaceous,  reniform,  applanate  or  subconchate,  nar- 
rowly attached,  5-6  X  8-10  X  0.3  cm.;  surface  glabrous,  some- 
what rugose,  narrowly,  concentrically  zonate-sulcate,  avellaneous 
or  avellaneous-umbrinous  tinged  with  bay,  margin  thin,  lobed; 
context  very  thin,  punky,  pallid  to  slightly  yellowish -brown, 
about  2  mm.  thick;  furrows  1-2  mm.  deep,  labyrinthiform,  vary- 
ing to  circular  or  sublamellate  in  places,  very  narrow,  about  2  to 
a  mm.,  avellaneous,  becoming  umbrinous  with  age,  edges  thin, 
dentate  to  subirpiciform. 

Collected  once  on  a  fallen  log  in  a  moist  virgin  forest  near 
Jalapa,  Mexico.  Very  similar  to  Favolus  tennis  above,  but  with 
the  hymenium  partly  tubular  and  partly  furrowed. 

3.  DAEDALEA  AMANITOIDES  Beauv. 

Pileus  very  thin  and  large,  flexible,  corky-woody,  subsessile, 
usually  attached  by  an  orbicular  peltate  base,  explanate,  um- 
bilicate,  circular  to  fan-shaped,  variable,  8-20  X  15-30  X  0.2- 
0.5  cm.;  surface  varying  from  entirely  azonate  to  zonate,  and 
from  milk-white  to  partly  avellaneous,  glabrous,  slightly  sulcate, 
sometimes  blackening  behind  with  age;  margin  thin,  white, 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  103 

undulate  to  lobed;  context  milk-white,  floccose,  homogeneous, 
2-4  mm.  thick;  tubes  very  variable  in  shape,  circular  to  laby- 
rinthiform  and  lamelloid,  narrow,  hardly  exceeding  0.5  mm.  in 
breadth,  2-3  mm.  deep,  white  within,  edges  white  to  discolored, 
thin,  uneven,  dentate  with  age;  spores  oblong,  smooth,  hyaline, 
5-8  X  2-3  M. 

Extremely  common  throughout  on  dead  wood  of  various  kinds. 

4.    DAEDALEA  MICROSTICTA  Cooke 

Pileus  corky,  applanate,  10-15  cm-  broad  and  3  cm.  thick 
behind;  surface  glabrous,  papillose,  pale- wood-colored,  margin 
acute,  lineate-f uscous ;  context  isabelline  to  umbrinous,  punky  to 
corky;  hymenium  varying  from  poroid  to  very  narrowly  laby- 
rinthiform,  the  edges  of  the  furrows  being  at  first  pallid  and  later 
becoming  fuscous  and  lacerate. 

Frequent  on  dead  wood  in  Mexico  and  Central  America. 
Described  from  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Brazil. 

5.    DAEDALEA  SPRUCEI  Berk. 

Pileus  corky,  flexible,  very  large,  applanate,  concave  below, 
dimidiate  to  fan-shaped,  thicker  behind,  10-20  X  15-30  X  1-2.5 
cm.;  surface  multizonate,  slightly  furrowed,  finely  tomentose  to 
glabrous,  rugose,  sometimes  tuberculose,  dark-avellaneous  or 
umbrinous,  becoming  blackish  behind;  margin  thin,  zonate, 
pallid ;  context  zonate,  soft-corky,  isabelline,  nearly  fulvous  when 
dry,  3-5  mm.  thick;  tubes  daedaleoid,  becoming  irpiciform, 
white  within,  unctuous  to  the  touch,  2-3  mm.  broad,  1-2  cm. 
deep,  edges  thick,  firm,  soon  splitting  into  flattened  teeth, 
isabelline  to  fulvous  or  fuliginous;  spores  globose,  smooth, 
brownish,  4-6  /*. 

Occasional  on  dead  trunks  in  Mexico,  as  well  as  in  British 
Guiana  and  Brazil.  This  species  or  a  closely  related  one  has 
been  found  several  times  recently  in  Cuba,  sometimes  on  living 
trunks. 

49.     LENZITES  Fries 

Hymenophore  small,  annual,  epixylous,  sessile,  conchate; 
surface  anoderm,  usually  zonate  and  tomentose;  context  white, 
coriaceous,  flexible;  hymenium  lamellate,  the  radiating  gill-like 
dissepiments  connected  transversely  at  times,  especially  in 
youth;  spores  smooth,  hyaline. 


IO4  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

Surface  of  the  pileus  conspicuously  tomentose. 

Furrows  1-2  mm.  broad,  3-10  mm.  deep.  i.  L.  betulina. 

Furrows  0.5-1  mm.  broad,  2-3  mm.  deep. 

Furrows  frequently  anastomosing;  edges  ochraceous.      2.  L.  beiuliniformis. 
Furrows  rarely  anastomosing;  edges  cremeous  and 

much  thinner.  3.  L.  subbetulina. 

Surface  of  the  pileus  finely  pubescent.  4.  L.  cubensis. 

Surface  of  the  pileus  glabrous.  5.  L.  Earlei. 

i.    LENZITES  BETULINA  (L.)  Fries 

Pileus  thin,  coriaceous,  sessile,  dimidiate  to  flabelliform, 
imbricate,  conchate,  3-4  X  4-7  X  0.3-1  cm.;  surface  conspicu- 
ously tomentose,  velvety,  multizonate,  somewhat  uneven,  often 
radiate-rugose  to  plicate,  avellaneous  with  latericeous  zones, 
becoming  olivaceous  with  age;  margin  thin,  undulate  to  lobed  at 
times;  context  very  thin,  white,  membranous,  scarcely  a  mm. 
thick;  furrows  slightly  anastomosing  when  very  young,  1-2  mm. 
broad,  3-10  mm.  deep,  edges  thin,  entire  to  undulate,  slightly 
notched  with  age,  cremeous  within,  ochroleucous  to  sordid- 
ochraceous  without;  spores  globose,  smooth,  hyaline,  6  p. 

Occasional  on  dead  deciduous  wood  at  Jalapa  and  in  the 
Tepeite  Valley,  Mexico. 

2.    LENZITES  BETULINIFORMIS  Murrill 

Pileus  thin,  coriaceous  to  woody,  sessile,  dimidiate,  imbricate, 
conchate,  2-3  X  3-5  X  0.3-0.5  cm.;  surface  velvety-tomentose, 
narrowly  multizonate,  smooth,  isabelline  to  avellaneous,  some 
of  the  zones  slightly  darker;  margin  thin,  fertile,  rarely  lobed; 
context  white,  membranous,  scarcely  a  mm.  thick;  furrows 
ochraceous  within,  frequently  anastomosing  both  in  front  and 
behind  and  interrupted  by  pores  and  bifurcations,  0.5-1  mm. 
broad,  2-3  mm.  deep,  edges  thin,  undulate  to  lacerate,  often 
porose. 

Found  once  on  dead  wood  at  Jalapa,  Mexico. 

3.    LENZITES  SUBBETULINA  Murrill 

Pileus  thin,  coriaceous,  flexible,  reniform,  narrowly  attached, 
somewhat  conchate,  2.5  X  4  X  0.3-0.6  cm.;  surface  velvety, 
tomentose  or  finely  hirsute,  narrowly  concentrically  sulcate- 
zonate,  cremeous  to  greenish-avellaneous,  the  green  color  prob- 
ably being  due  to  algae,  margin  thin,  entire  or  slightly  undulate; 
context  thin,  white;  hymenium  cremeous,  furrows  very  narrow, 
rarely  anastomosing,  about  0.5  mm.  broad  and  1.5-2.5  mm.  deep; 
edges  thin,  undulate  to  slightly  lacerate,  coriaceous,  cremeous 
within. 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  105 

Collected  once  on  dead  wood  in  a  coffee  plantation  at  Orizaba, 
Mexico. 

4.    LENZITES  CUBENSIS  Berk.  &  Curt. 

Pileus  rigid,  corky  to  woody,  dimidiate  to  flabelliform,  ap- 
planate  or  convex,  4  X  6  X  0.3-0.5  cm.;  surface  subvelvety, 
zonate,  rugose,  finely  tomentose,  isabelline;  margin  thin,  ochra- 
ceous,  fertile;  context  soft-corky  to  membranous,  1-2  mm.  thick, 
isabelline  in  type  specimens;  furrows  repeatedly  forked,  I  mm. 
broad,  edges  crenate  or  crisped,  broad,  concolorous. 

Found  once  on  dead  wood  in  Cuba. 

5.    LENZITES  EARLEI  Murrill 

Pileus  thin,  dry,  membranous,  flexible,  dimidiate,  3  X  5  X  0.5 
cm.;  surface  glabrous,  smooth,  finely  zonate,  white;  margin  very 
thin,  uneven,  reddish-brown,  multizonate,  pellucid  on  the  extreme 
border;  context  thin,  white,  scarcely  a  mm.  thick;  furrows  not 
anastomosing  at  the  base,  very  narrow  and  long,  porose  or  forked 
at  the  margin,  0.3-0.5  mm.  broad,  2-5  mm.  deep,  edges  white, 
crisped,  very  thin,  lacerate-fimbriate  with  age. 

Found  once  on  a  fence  post  at  Port  Antonio,  Jamaica. 

50.    GLOEOPHYLLUM  P.  Karst. 

Hymenophore  small,  annual,  epixylous,  sessile;  surface  hairy 
or  glabrous,  anoderm,  often  zonate;  context  tough,  brown; 
hymenium  normally  lamelloid  or  daedaleoid,  but  frequently 
poroid  in  some  species;  spores  smooth,  hyaline. 

Hymenium  lamelloid  from  the  first;  pileus  very  thin,  dry,  flex- 
ible, i.  G.  striatum. 
Hymenium  not  lamelloid  from  the  first,  but  often  becoming  so 

with  age;  pileus  thicker  and  usually  rigid. 

Context  rosy-incarnate;  furrows  about  0.5  mm.  broad.  2.  G.  trabeiforme. 

Context  ferruginous  to  castaneous;  furrows  about  i  mm. 

broad. 

Surface  hirsute.  3-  G.  hirsutum. 

Surface  finely  tomentose  to  glabrous.  4-  G.  Berkeleyi. 

i.  GLOEOPHYLLUM  STRIATUM  (Sw.)  Murrill 
Pileus  membranous,  flexible,  dry,  dimidiate  to  flabelliform, 
conchate,  sessile,  sometimes  spuriously  stipitate,  imbricate, 
laterally  connate  and  broadly  attached  or  umbonate-affixed 
according  to  its  position  on  the  substratum,  2-6  X  5~8  X  0.3- 
0.5  cm. ;  surface  anoderm,  distinctly  tomentose,  zonate,  opaque, 


106  TROPICAL  POLYPORES 

isabelline  to  umbrinous  or  cinereous;  margin  very  thin,  fertile, 
undulate,  eroded  with  age;  context  very  thin,  punky,  scarcely  a 
mm.  thick  in  most  specimens,  umbrinous;  tubes  lamelloid  from 
the  first,  avellaneous  to  umbrinous,  furrows  1-1.5  mm.  broad, 
2-4  mm.  deep,  edges  thin,  entire  to  irregularly  notched  and 
splitting  with  age,  especially  behind;  spores  oblong,  smooth, 
hyaline,  6-8  X  3-4  At. 

Extremely  common  throughout  on  dead  wood  of  various  kinds. 

2.    GLOEOPHYLLUM  TRABEIFORME  Murrill 

Pileus  corky,  flabelliform,  narrowly  attached  by  a  stipitiform 
base,  plane  or  slightly  depressed  above,  convex  below,  2.5-3.5  X 
3~5-5  X  0.5-1  cm.;  surface  glabrous,  slightly  roughened  with 
radiating  raised  lines  resembling  appressed  fibers,  somewhat 
shining,  slightly  zonate  or  sulcate,  pale-fulvous  with  a  chestnut 
tint,  marked  with  two  or  more  narrow,  irregular,  pale-chestnut 
zones,  margin  thin,  entire,  concolorous;  context  punky,  thin, 
rosy-incarnate;  furrows  0.5  mm.  broad,  2-4  mm.  deep,  fuliginous- 
chestnut  within  and  without;  mouths  irregular,  varying  from 
nearly  circular  to  daedaleoid  or  radially  elongate,  frequently 
interrupted ;  edges  thin,  uneven  or  lacerate  with  age. 

Collected  once  on  dead  wood  near  Xuchiles,  Mexico. 

3.  GLOEOPHYLLUM  HIRSUTUM  (Schaeff.)  Murrill 

Pileus  hard,  corky  to  woody,  slightly  flexible,  imbricate,  sessile, 
laterally  connate,  often  decurrent,  oblong-dimidiate  to  flabelli- 
form, conchate,  2-3  X  4-8  X  0.3-1  cm. ;  surface  zonate,  strigose- 
tomentose,  anoderm,  rather  uneven,  reddish-fulvous  to  fuliginous 
or  umbrinous;  margin  rather  thick,  sterile,  isabelline,  undulate, 
finely  tomentose,  becoming  acute  and  darker  in  age;  context 
soft-corky,  homogeneous,  fulvous,  about  2  mm.  thick;  tubes 
usually  lamelloid,  anastomosing  when  young,  ochraceous  to 
grayish-umbrinous,  0.5-1  mm.  broad,  2-5  mm.  deep,  edges 
thin,  undulate;  in  a  poroid  variety,  tubes  circular,  regular,  2  to 
a  mm.,  edges  thick,  firm,  entire;  spores  ellipsoid,  smooth,  hyaline, 
8-12  X  3-4  At- 

Occasional  in  southern  Florida,  Jamaica,  and  Mexico  on  dead 
wood.  More  frequent  in  the  mountains. 

4.  GLOEOPHYLLUM  BERKELEYI  (Sacc.)  Murrill 

Pileus  corky,  subrigid,  dimidiate,  sessile,  imbricate,  laterally 
connate,  plane  above,  usually  convex  below,  3-5  X  5-10  X  0.8-2 
cm. ;  surface  finely  tomentose  to  glabrous  and  subshining,  zonate, 


TROPICAL  POLYPORES  107 

slightly  sulcate,  radiately  furrowed,  cremeous  or  isabelline  to 
fulvous  or  chestnut-colored  and  finally  black  behind;  margin 
obtuse,  tomentose,  white  or  cream-colored  to  ochraceous-fulvous; 
context  punky  to  soft-corky,  homogeneous,  2-4  mm.  thick, 
fulvous,  tinged  with  rhubarb  when  very  young;  tubes  irregular, 
daedaleoid,  branched  or  forked,  becoming  much  elongate  radially, 
5-15  mm.  deep,  about  I  mm.  broad,  wider  with  age,  edges  white 
or  ochraceous  to  fulvous,  thin,  rigid,  sinuate,  rarely  splitting 
even  with  age. 

Frequent  in  southern  Florida,  the  Bahamas,  Cuba,  Jamaica, 
Mexico,  and  certain  other  parts  of  tropical  America  on  pine 
railway  ties  and  other  forms  of  dead  coniferous  wood. 


INDEX  TO  GENERA  WITH  SPECIES 


Abortiporus,  50 

distortus  (Schw.)  Murrill,  50 

tropicalis  Murrill,  50 
Amauroderma,  91 

avellaneum  Murrill,  94 

Brittonii  Murrill,  95 

Chaperi  (Pat.)  Murrill,  94 

coffeatum  (Berk.)  Murrill,  93 

flaviporum  Murrill,  94 

nutans  (Fries)  Murrill,  92 

regulicolor  (Cooke)  Murrill,  93 

renatum  (Berk.)  Murrill,  92 

subrenatum  Murrill,  93 

Bjerkandera,  25 

adusta  (Willd.)  P.  Karst.,  26 
albostygia  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill, 

26 

subsimulans  Murrill,  27 
terebrans  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill,  26 

Cerrena,  101 

stereoides  (Fries)  Murrill,  101 
Cerrenella,  53 

farinacea  (Fries)  Murrill,  54 

Ravenelii  (Berk.)  Murrill,  54 

subcoriacea  Murrill,  54 
Coltricia,  72 

cinnamomea  (Jacq.)  Murrill,  72 

focicola  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill,  73 

perennis  (L.)  Murrill,  72 

spathulata  (Hook.)  Murrill,  73 
Coltriciella,  71 

dependens  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill, 

7i 
Coriolellus,  17 

Sepium  (Berk.)  Murrill,  17 
Coriolopsis,  54 

caperata  (Berk.)  Murrill,  60 

caperatiformis  Murrill,  59 

cirrifer  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill,  57 

crocata  (Fries)  Murrill,  55 

crocatiformis  Murrill,  57 

fulvocinerea  Murrill,  56 

fumosa  Murrill,  58 

nigrocinerea  Murrill,  59 

occidentalis  (Klotzsch)  Murrill,  56 

rigida  (Berk.  &  Mont.)  Murrill,  56 

sarcitiformis  Murrill,  58 

subglabrescens  Murrill,  60 

Taylori  Murrill,  57 

vibratilis  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill,  59 

vittata  (Ellis  &  Macbr.)  Murrill,  59 
Coriolus,  5 


Coriolus  abietinus  (Dicks.)  Quel.,  17 

armenicolor  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Pat.,  10 

brachypus  (Lev.)  Murrill,  10 

concavus  Murrill,  10 

cyphelloides  (Fries)  Murrill,  16 

delectans  Murrill,  9 

depauperatus  (Pat.)  Murrill,  8 

effusus  Murrill,  15 

fulvo-umbrinus  Murrill,  13 

haedinus  (Berk.)  Pat.,  II 

Hollickii  Murrill,  12 

hondurensis  Murrill,  n 

irpiciformis  Murrill,  16 

leiodermus  (Mont.)  Murrill,  13 

maximus  (Mont.)  Murrill,  16 

membranaceus  (Sw.)  Pat.,  13 

nigromarginatus  (Schw.)  Murrill,  13 

ochrotinctellus  Murrill,  12 

orizabensis  Murrill,  15 

pallidofulvellus  Murrill,  9 

pavonius  (Hook.)  Murrill,  15 

pertenuis  Murrill,  12 

pinsitus  (Fries)  Pat.,  14 

prolificans  (Fries)  Murrill,  17 

scutatus  Murrill,  14 

sector  (Ehrenb.)  Pat.,  8 

sericeohirsutus  (Klotzsch)  Murrill,  14 

sobrius  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill,  16 

subpavonius  Murrill,  8 

substipitatus  Murrill,  II 

tepeitensis  Murrill,  9 

versicolor  (L.)  Quel.,  7 

xuchilensis  Murrill,  9 
Cryptoporus,  73 

volvatus  (Peck)  Hubbard,  74 
Cycloporellus,  66 

iodinus  (Mont.)  Murrill,  66 

Daedalea,  101 

amanitoides  Beauv.,  102 
confragosa  (Bolt.)  Pers.,  102 
favoloides  Murrill,  102 
microsticta  Cooke,  103 
Sprucei  Berk.,  103 

Earliella,  30 

corrugata  (Pers.)  Murrill,  30 
Elfvingia,  90 

Lionnetii  (Holland)  Murrill,  91 

tornata  (Pers.)  Murrill,  91 
Elfvingiella,  90 

fasciata  (Sw.)  Murrill,  90 


Favolus,  63 


108 


INDEX  TO  GENERA  WITH  SPECIES 


109 


Favolus  tenuiformis  Murrill,  64 

tenuis  (Hook.)  Murrill,  64 

variegatus  (Berk.)  Murrill,  64 
Flaviporellus,  52 

Splitgerberi  (Mont.)  Murrill,  52 
Flaviporus,  65 

crocitinctus  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill, 
65 

rufoflavus  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill,  65 
Fomes,  74 

annosus  (Fries)  Cooke,  76 

Auberianus  (Mont.)  Murrill,  77 

geotropus  Cooke,  78 

ligneus  (Berk.)  Cooke,  76 

roseus  (Alb.  &  Schw.)  Cooke,  75 

rubritinctus  Murrill,  77 

Sagraeanus  (Mont.)  Murrill,  75 

scutellatus  (Schw.)  Cooke,  76 

subferreus  Murrill,  76 

turbinatus  (Pat.)  Murrill,  75 

ungulatus  (Schaeff.)  Sacc.,  77 
Fomitella,  78 

fumoso-avellanea   (Romell)   Murrill, 
78 

supina  (Sw.)  Murrill,  78 
Fulvifomes,  81 

calcitratus  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill, 
84 

Cedrelae  Murrill,  88 

cinchonensis  Murrill,  87 

dependens  Murrill,  88 

extensus  (Lev.)  Murrill,  86 

grenadensis  Murrill,  83 

hydrophilus  Murrill,  86 

jamaicensis  Murrill,  83 

linteus  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill,  84 

melleicinctus  Murrill,  85 

pseudosenex  Murrill,  83 

sarcitus  (Fries)  Murrill,  85 

sublinteus  Murrill,  86 

subpectinatus  Murrill,  84 

Swieteniae  Murrill,  87 

troyanus  Murrill,  87 

Underwoodii  Murrill,  88 

yucatanensis  Murrill,  85 
Funalia,  60 

aculeifer  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill,  62 

cladotricha  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill, 
61 

hispidula  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill,  61 

versatilis  (Berk.)  Murrill,  61 

Ganoderma,  95 

areolatum  Murrill,  100 
argillaceum  Murrill,  99 
Curtisii  (Berk.)  Murrill,  98 
nitidum  Murrill,  100 
parvulum  Murrill,  99 
perzonatum  Murrill,  96 
praelongum  Murrill,  96 
pulverulentum  Murrill,  97 
sessiliforme  Murrill,  101 


Ganoderma  stipitatum  Murrill,  98 
subfornicatum  Murrill,  97 
subincrustatum  Murrill,  99 
tuberculosum  Murrill,  100 

Gloeophyllum,  105 

Berkeleyi  (Sacc.)  Murrill,  106 
hirsutura  (Schaeff.)  Murrill,  106 
striatum  (Sw.)  Murrill,  105 
trabeiforme  Murrill,  106 

Grifola,  51 

lentifrondosa  Murrill,  51 

Hapalopilus,  62 

gilvus  (Schw.)  Murrill,  63 
licnoides  (Mont.)  Murrill,  63 

Hexagona,  33 

brunneola  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill,  39 
caperata  (Pat.)  Murrill,  37 
cucullata  (Mont.)  Murrill,  39 
daedalea  (Link)  Murrill,  35 
daedaleiformis  Murrill,  35 
floridana  Murrill,  34 
fragilis  Murrill,  36 
hondurensis  Murrill,  38 
indurata  (Berk.)  Murrill,  39 
Maxoni  Murrill,  34 
motzorongensis  Murrill,  37 
portoricensis  Murrill,  38 
princeps  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill,  34 
pseudoprinceps  Murrill,  34 
purpurascens  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Mur- 
rill, 38 

reniformis  Murrill,  36 
subcaperata  Murrill,  36 
subpurpurascens  Murrill,  38 
sulfurea  Murrill,  37 
tessellatula  Murrill,  35 

Inonotus,  67 

corrosus  Murrill,  69 

fruticum  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill,  70 

fulvomelleus  Murrill,  68 

jamaicensis  Murrill,  68 

leprosus  (Fries)  Murrill,  69 

pertenuis  Murrill,  67 

porrectus  Murrill,  68 

pusillus  Murrill,  70 

radiatus  (Sow.)  P.  Karst.,  70 

Wilsonii  Murrill,  69 
Irpiciporus,  4 

cubensis  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill,  5 

lacteus  (Fries)  Murrill.  5 

Laetiporus,  52 

speciosus  (Batt.)  Murrill,  52 

Lenzites,  103 

betulina  (L.)  Fries,  104 
betuliniformis  Murrill,  104 
cubensis  Berk.  &  Curt.,  105 
Earlei  Murrill,  105 
subbetulina  Murrill,  104 


no 


INDEX  TO  GENERA  WITH  SPECIES 


Microporellus,  39 

dealbatus  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill,  40 
holotephrus  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill, 

40 

porphyritis  (Berk.)  Murrill,  40 
unguicularis  (Fries)  Murrill,  40 

Nigrofomes,  89 

melanoporus  (Mont.)  Murrill,  89 
Nigroporus,  66 

vinosus  (Berk.)  Murrill,  66 

Phaeolopsis,  53 

Verae-crucis  (Berk.)  Murrill,  53 

Phaeolus,  70 

sistotremoides  (Alb.  &  Schw.)  Mur- 
rill, 71 

Pogonomyces,  65 

hydnoides  (Sw.)  Murrill,  65 

Polyporus,  41 

Acicula  Berk.  &  Curt.,  44 
aemulans  Berk.  &  Curt.,  45 
arcularius  (Batsch)  Fries,  45 
Blanchetianus  Berk.  &  Mont.,  49 
Cowellii  Murrill,  46 
cyathiformis  Lev.,  44 
diabolicus  Berk.,  48 
discoid eus  Berk.  &  Curt.,  44 
elegans  (Bull.)  Fries,  47 
hydniceps  Berk.  &  Curt.,  42 
maculosus  Murrill,  46 
marasmioides  (Pat.)  Murrill,  47 
Marbleae  Murrill,  48 
obolus  Ellis  &  Macbr.,  44 
praeguttulatus  Murrill,  49 
scabellus  (Pat.)  Murrill,  49 
scabriceps  Berk.  &  Curt.,  43 
subelegans  Murrill,  48 
Tricholoma  Mont.,  46 
Tuba  Berk.  &  Curt.,  43 
variiporus  Murrill,  45 
virgatus  Berk.  &  Curt.,  43 
Wrightii  Murrill,  47 

Porodaedalea,  89 

Pini  (Thore)  Murrill,  89 

Porodisculus,  32 

pendulus  (Schw.)  Murrill,  32 

Pycnoporus,  51 

sanguineus  (L.)  Murrill,  51 

Pyropolyporus,  79 

albomarginatus  (Lev.)  Murrill,  79 
Baccharidis  (Pat.)  Murrill.  80 
Calkinsii  Murrill,  81 
Haematoxyli  Murrill,  80 
inflexibilis  (Berk.)  Murrill,  81 


Pyropolyporus  Robinsoniae  Murrill,  80 
roseocinereus  Murrill,  81 

Rigidoporus,  30 

contrarius  (Cooke)  Murrill,  32 
evolutus  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill,  31 
Liebmanni  (Fries)  Murrill,  31 
microstomus  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill, 

substereinus  Murrill,  31 
surinamensis  (Miq.)  Murrill,  32 

Spongipellis,  24 

hydrophilus  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill, 

25 

luridescens  Murrill,  25 
substuppeus  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill, 

25 
Spongiporus,  18 

altocedronensis  Murrill,  18 

Tomophagus,  18 

Colossus  (Fries)  Murrill,  18 

Trametes,  27 

cubensis  (Mont.)  Sacc.,  28 
havannensis  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill, 

28 

jalapensis  Murrill,  29 
jamaicensis  Murrill,  28 
lignea  Murrill,  29 
nivosa  (Berk.)  Murrill,  27 
rutilantiformis  Murrill,  29 
submurina  Murrill,  28 
subscutellatus  Murrill,  29 

Trichaptum,  62 

trichomallum  (Berk.  &  Mont.)  Mur- 
rill, 62 

Tyromyces,  19 

albogilvus  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill,  24 
caesius  (Schrad.)  Murrill,  22 
cinchonensis  Murrill,  23 
duracinus  (Pat.)  Murrill,  24 
fulvitinctus  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill, 

24 

graminicola  Murrill,  21 
lacteus  (Fries)  Murrill,  23 
leucomallus  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill, 

23 

nivosellus  Murrill,  20 
Palmarum  Murrill,  20 
palustris  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill,  20 
semipileatus  (Peck)  Murrill,  22 
semisupiniformis  Murrill,  22 
Smallii  Murrill,  21 
versicutis  (Berk.  &  Curt.)  Murrill,  21 


INDEX  TO  SPECIES 


adusta  (Bjerkandera),  26 
abietinus  (Coriolus),  17 
Acicula  (Polyporus),  44 
aculeifer  (Funalia),  62 
aemulans  (Polyporus),  45 
albogilvus  (Tyromyces),  24 
albomarginatus  (Pyropolyporus),  79 
albostygia  (Bjerkandera),  26 
altocedronensis  (Spongiporus),  18 
amanitoides  (Daedalea),  102 
annosus  (Fomes-),  76 
arcularius  (Polyporus),  45 
areolatum  (Ganoderma),  100 
argillaceum  (Ganoderma),  99 
armenicolor  (Coriolus),  10 
Auberianus  (Fomes),  77 
avellaneum  (Amauroderma),  94 
Baccharidis  (Pyropolyporus),  80 
Berkeleyi  (Gloeophyllum),  106 
betulina  (Lenzites),  104 
betuliniformis  (Lenzites),  104 
Blanchetianus  (Polyporus),  49 
brachypus  (Coriolus),  10 
Brittonii  (Amauroderma),  95 
brunneola  (Hexagona),  39 
caesius  (Tyromyces),  22 
calcitratus  (Fulvifomes),  84 
Calkinsii  (Pyropolyporus),  81 
caperata  (Coriolopsis),  60 
caperata  (Hexagona),  37 
caperatiformis  (Coriolopsis),  59 
Cedrelae  (Fulvifomes),  88 
Chaperi  (Amauroderma),  94 
cinchonensis  (Fulvifomes),  87 
cinchonensis  (Tyromyces),  23 
cinnabarinus  (Pycnoporus),  52 
cinnamomea  (Coltricia),  72 
cirrifer  (Coriolopsis),  57 
cladotricha  (Funalia),  61 
coffeatum  (Amauroderma),  93 
Colossus  (Tomophagus),  18 
concavus  (Coriolus),  10 
confragosa  (Daedalea),  102 
contrarius  (Rigidoporus),  32 
corrosus  (Inonotus),  69 
corrugata  (Earliella),  30 
Cowellii  (Polyporus),  46 
craterellus  (Polyporus),  44 
crocata  (Coriolopsis),  55 
crocatiformis  (Coriolopsis),  57 
crocitinctus  (Flaviporus),  65 
cubensis  (Irpiciporus),  5 
cubensis  (Lenzites),  105 
cubensis  (Trametes),  28 


cucullata  (Hexagona),  39 
Curtisii  (Ganoderma),  98 
cyathiformis  (Polyporus),  44 
cyphelloides  (Coriolus),  16 
daedalea  (Hexagona),  35 
daedaleiformis  (Hexagona),  35 
dealbatus  (Microporellus),  40 
delectans  (Coriolus),  9 
depauperatus  (Coriolus),  8 
dependens  (Coltriciella),  71 
dependens  (Fulvifomes),  88 
diabolicus  (Polyporus),  48 
dictyoporus  (Leucoporus),  45 
discoideus  (Polyporus),  44 
distortus  (Abortiporus),  50 
dryophila  (Fomitiporia),  81 
duracinus  (Tyromyces),  24 
Earlei  (Lenzites),  105 
effusus  (Coriolus),  15 
elegans  (Polyporus),  47 
evolutus  (Rigidoporus),  31 
extensus  (Fulvifomes),  86 
farinacea  (Cerrenella),  54 
fasciata  (Elfvingiella),  90 
favoloides  (Daedalea),  102 
flaviporum  (Amauroderma),  94 
floridana  (Hexagona),  34 
focicola  (Coltricia),  73 
fragilis  (Hexagona),  36 
fruticum  (Inonotus),  70 
fulvitinctus  (Tyromyces),  24 
fulvocinerea  (Coriolopsis),  56 
fulvomelleus  (Inonotus),  68 
fulvo-umbrinus  (Coriolus),  13 
fumosa  (Coriolopsis),  58 
fumoso-avellanea  (Fomitella),  78 
geotropus  (Fomes),  78 
gilvus  (Hapalopilus),  63 
graminicola  (Tyromyces),  21 
grenadensis  (Fulvifomes),  83 
haedinus  (Coriolus),  n 
Haematoxyli  (Pyropolyporus),  80 
havannensis  (Trametes),  28 
hirsutum  (Gloeophyllum),  106 
hispidula  (Funalia),  61 
Hollickii  (Coriolus),  12 
holotephrus  (Microporellus),  40 
hondurensis  (Coriolus),  n 
hondurensis  (Hexagona),  38 
hydniceps  (Polyporus),  42 
hydnoides  (Pogonomyces),  65 
hydrophilus  (Fulvifomes),  86 
hydrophilus  (Spongipellis),  25 
indurata  (Hexagona),  39 
III 


112 


INDEX  TO  SPECIES 


inflexibilis  (Pyropolyporus),  81 
iodinus  (Cycloporellus),  66 
irpiciformis  (Coriolus),  16 
jalapensis  (Trametes),  29 
jamaicensis  (Fulvifomes),  83 
jamaicensis  (Inonotus),  68 
jamaicensis  (Trametes),  28 
lacteus  (Irpiciporus),  5 
lacteus  (Tyromyces),  23 
lateritius  (Fomes),  79 
leiodermus  (Coriolus),  13 
lentifrondosa  (Grifola),  51 
leprosus  (Inonotus),  69 
leucomallus  (Tyromyces),  23 
licnoides  (Hapalopilus),  63 
Liebmanni  (Rigidoporus),  31 
lignea  (Trametes),  29 
ligneus  (Fomes),  76 
linteus  (Fulvifomes),  84 
Lionnetii  (Elfvingia),  91 
luridescens  (Spongipellis),  25 
maculosus  (Polyporus),  46 
marasmioides  (Polyporus),  47 
Marbleae  (Polyporus),  48 
maximus  (Coriolus),  16 
Maxoni  (Hexagona),  34 
melanoporus  (Nigrofomes),  89 
melleicinctus  (Fulvifomes),  85 
membranaceus  (Coriolus),  13 
microsticta  (Daedalea),  103 
microstomus  (Rigidoporus),  31 
motzorongensis  (Hexagona),  37 
mutabilis  (Polyporus),  40 
nigrocinerea  (Coriolopsis),  59 
nigromarginatus  (Coriolus),  13 
nitidum  (Ganoderma),  100 
nivosa  (Trametes),  27 
nivosellus  (Tyromyces),  20 
nutans  (Amauroderma),  92 
obolus  (Polyporus),  44 
occidentalis  (Coriolopsis),  56 
ochrotinctellus  (Coriolus),  12 
ohiensis  (Fomes),  75 
orizabensis  (Coriolus),  15 
pallidofulvellus  (Coriolus),  9 
Palmarum  (Tyromyces),  20 
palustris  (Tyromyces),  20 
parvulum  (Ganoderma),  99 
pavonius  (Coriolus),  15 
pendulus  (Porodisculus),  32 
perennis  (Coltricia),  72 
pertenuis  (Coriolus),  12 
pertenuis  (Inonotus),  67 
perzonatum  (Ganoderma),  96 
Pini  (Porodaedalea),  89 
pinsitus  (Coriolus),  14,  61 
porphyritis  (Microporellus),  40 
porrectus  (Inonotus),  68 
portoricensis  (Hexagona),  38 
praeguttulatus  (Polyporus),  49 
praelongum  (Ganoderma),  96 
princeps  (Hexagona),  34 


prolificans  (Coriolus),  17 
pseudoprinceps  (Hexagona),  34 
pseudosenex  (Fulvifomes),  83 
pulverulentum  (Ganoderma),  97 
purpurascens  (Hexagona),  38 
pusillus  (Inonotus),  70 
radiatus  (Inonotus),  70 
Ravenelii  (Cerrenella),  54 
regulicolor  (Amauroderma),  93 
renatum  (Amauroderma),  92 
reniformis  (Hexagona),  36 
rigida  (Coriolopsis),  56 
Robinsoniae  (Pyropolyporus),  80 
roseocinereus  (Pyropolyporus),  81 
roseus  (Fomes),  75 
rubritinctus  (Fomes),  77 
rufoflavus  (Flaviporus),  65 
rutilantiformis  (Trametes),  29 
Sagraeanus  (Fomes),  75 
sanguineus  (Pycnoporus),  51 
sarcitiformis  (Coriolopsis),  58 
sarcitus  (Fulvifomes),  85 
scabellus  (Polyporus),  49 
scabriceps  (Polyporus),  43 
scutatus  (Coriolus),  14 
scutellatus  (Fomes),  76 
sector  (Coriolus),  8 
semipileatus  (Tyromyces),  22 
semisupiniformis  (Tyromyces),  22 
Sepium  (Coriolellus),  17 
sericeohirsutus  (Coriolus),  14 
sessiliforme  (Ganoderma),  101 
sistotremoides  (Phaeolus),  71 
Smallii  (Tyromyces),  21 
sobrius  (Coriolus),  16 
spathulata  (Coltricia),  73 
speciosus  (Laetiporus),  52 
Splitgerberi  (Flaviporellus),  52 
Sprucei  (Daedalea),  103 
stereoides  (Cerrena),  101 
stipitatum  (Ganoderma),  98 
striatum  (Gloeophyllum),  105 
subbetulina  (Lenzites),  104 
subcaperata  (Hexagona),  36 
subcoriacea  (Cerrenella),  54 
subelegans  (Polyporus),  48 
subferreus  (Fomes),  76 
subfornicatum  (Ganoderma),  97 
subglabrescens  (Coriolopsis),  60 
subincrustatum  (Ganoderma),  99 
sublinteus  (Fulvifomes),  86 
submurina  (Trametes),  28 
subpavonius  (Coriolus),  8 
subpectinatus  (Fulvifomes),  84 
subpurpurascens  (Hexagona),  38 
subrenatum  (Amauroderma),  93 
subscutellatus  (Trametes),  29 
subsimulans  (Bjerkandera),  26 
substereinus  (Rigidoporus),  31 
substipitatus  (Coriolus),  n 
substuppeus  (Spongipellis),  25 
sulfurea  (Hexagona),  37 


INDEX  TO  SPECIES 


113 


supina  (Fomitella),  78 
surinamensis  (Rigidoporus),  32 
Swieteniae  (Fulvifomes),  87 
Taylori  (Coriolopsis),  57 
tenuiformis  (Favolus),  64 
tenuis  (Favolus),  64 
tepeitensis  (Coriolus),  9 
terebrans  (Bjerkandera),  26 
tessellatula  (Hexagona),  35 
tornata  (Elfvingia),  91 
trabeiforme  (Gloeophyllum),  106 
Tricholoma  (Polyporus),  46 
trichomallum  (Trichaptum),  62 
tropicalis  (Abortiporus),  50 
troyanus  (Fulvifomes),  87 
Tuba  (Polyporus),  43 
tuberculosum  (Ganoderma),  100 
turbinatus  (Fomes),  75 
Underwoodii  (Fulvifomes),  88 


unguicularis  (Microporellus),  40 
ungulatus  (Fomes),  77 
variegatus  (Favolus),  64 
variiporus  (Polyporus),  45 
Verae-crucis  (Phaeolopsis),  53 
versatilis  (Funalia),  61 
versicolor  (Coriolus),  7 
versicutis  (Tyromyces),  21 
vibratilis  (Coriolopsis),  59 
villosa  (Funalia),  61 
vinosus  (Nigroporus),  66 
virgatus  (Polyporus),  43 
vittata  (Coriolopsis),  59 
volvatus  (Cryptoporus),  74 
Wilsonii  (Inonotus),  69 
Wrightii  (Polyporus),  47 
xuchilensis  (Coriolus),  9 
yucatanensis  (Fulvifomes),  85 


Manuals  of  Polypores  and   Boletes 


By  WILLIAM  A.  MURRILL,  A.M.,  PH.D.,  Assistant 
Director  of  the  New  York  Botanical  Garden,  Editor 
of  Mycologia,  and  Associate  Editor  of  North  Ameri- 
can Flora. 

Northern  Polypores,  issued  December  8, 1914     .      $1.00 
Including  species  found  in  Canada  and  the  United 
States  south  to  Virginia  and  west  to  the  Rockies. 

Southern  Polypores,  issued  January  30,  1915        .     $1.00 
Including  species  found  in  the  United  States  from 
North  Carolina  to  Florida  and  west  to  Texas. 

Western  Polypores,  issued  March  25,  1915    .    .     .  $1.00 
Including  species  found  in  the  states  on  the  Pacific 
coast  from  California  to  Alaska. 

Tropical  Polypores,  issued  in  June,  1915     .     .     .    $1.50 
Including  species  found  in  Mexico,  Central  America, 
southern  Florida,  the  West  Indies,  and  other  islands 
between  North  America  and  South  America. 

American  Boletes,  issued  December  8,  1914      .      .      #I.OO 

Including  all  the  species  found  in  temperate  and 
tropical  North  America,  both  on  the  mainland  and 
on  the  islands,  south  to  South  America. 

The  above  prices  include  prepaid  postage,  even  to  foreign  countries.  No  reduc- 
tion is  made  to  any  one,  dealers  included.  The  author  regrets  that,  owing  to  the 
small  editions,  no  copies  can  be  distributed  for  examination,  but  a  free  desk  copy 
will  be  supplied,  if  requested,  with  an  order  for  ten  copies  of  the  same  book  sent 
to  one  address. 

Remit  by  Postoffice  or  Express  Money  Order,  or,  if  by 
Check,  please  add  Exchange. 

W.  A.  MURRILL 

Bronxwood  Park 

NEW  YORK  CITY 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 

Los  Angeles 
This  book  is  DUE  on  the  last  date  stamped  below. 


Form  L9 — 20m-8,'65(F6439s8)4939 


AA    000927222   0 


SOUTHERN 

DIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 
LIBRARY, 

ANGELES,  CALjr, 


